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research methods Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an aim

A

a general statement of what the researcher intends to investigate

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2
Q

what is a hypothesis

A

a testable statement of what the researcher predicts will happen

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3
Q

what are the three types of hypothesis

A

directional, non directional and null

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4
Q

a lab experiment takes place in a _ environment where the researcher _ the IV and measures the effect on the _

A

controlled , manipulates , DV

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5
Q

what is a strength of a lab experiment

A

high control over extraneous variables and high reliability as can be repeated

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6
Q

what is a weakness of lab experiment

A

lacks eco val and prone to demand characteristics

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7
Q

what environment does a field experiment take place in

A

natural

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8
Q

what is a strength of a field experiment

A

less prone to demand characteristics and high eco val

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9
Q

what is a weakness of a field experiment

A

low reliability and lack of informed consent

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10
Q

what is a natural experiment

A

researcher takes advantage of naturally occurring event

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11
Q

what is a quasi experiment

A

iv is based off of existing individual difference/characteristic that the researcher has not manipulated

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12
Q

what is a strength of a natural experiment

A

provides opportunities that might not otherwise be carried out for ethical reasons and high eco val

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13
Q

what is a weakness of natural experiments

A

the naturally occurring event is rare and low control over extraneous variables

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14
Q

what is a weakness of a quasi experiment

A

sample bias as the sample may have unique characteristics

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15
Q

what is independent groups

A

participants only take part in one condition

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16
Q

strength of independent groups

A

no order effects - wont get bored

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17
Q

weakness of independent groups

A

individual differences eg better memory and more ppts needed

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18
Q

what is repeated measures

A

ppts take part in both conditions

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19
Q

strength of repeated measures

A

individual differences removed and requires fewer ppts

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20
Q

weakness of repeated measures

A

order effects - may get bored and increased chance of demand characteristics

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21
Q

what is marches pairs

A

ppts matched based on characteristics and each one randomly allocated a condition

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22
Q

strength of matched pairs

A

reduces individual differences and no order effects

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23
Q

weakness of matched pairs

A

time consuming to match up ppts and individual differences can’t be fully eliminated

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24
Q

what is a pilot study

A

a small scale trial run of a study that takes place to identify and amend any problems

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25
Q

what are the aims of a pilot study

A
  • check the ppts given enough time
  • make sure questions are clear
  • ask ppts about their experiences
  • check the design
26
Q

what are the two types of observation

A

controlled and naturalistic

27
Q

what is a controlled observation

A

conditions are manipulated

28
Q

what is a naturalistic observation

A

natural environment where target beh would occur - no manipulation of variables

29
Q

strength of controlled obs

A

high reliability

30
Q

strength of naturalistic obs

A

less prone to demand characteristics and high eco val

31
Q

weakness of controlled obs

A

low eco val and prone to demand characteristics

32
Q

weakness of naturalistic obs

A

low reliability and informed consent

33
Q

what is an overt observation

A

ppts aware they’re being watched, observer clear

34
Q

what is a covert obs

A

unaware being watched, observer hidden

35
Q

strength of overt

A

ethically appropriate

36
Q

strength of covert

A

less prone to demand characteristics

37
Q

weakness of overt

A

more prone to demand characteristics

38
Q

weakness of covert

A

lack of informed consent

39
Q

what is a ppt obs

A

researcher involved in group

40
Q

what is a non ppt obs

A

researcher not involved in group and collects data from distance

41
Q

strength of ppt obs

A

gain in depth understanding of beh

42
Q

strength of non ppt obs

A

reduced chance of researcher bias

43
Q

weakness of ppt obs

A

researcher bias

44
Q

weakness of non ppt obs

A

less likely to gain understanding

45
Q

what is a self report

A

ppts give info to researcher into their thoughts feelings and behaviors , through questionnare or interview. questionnare questions can be open/closed and interview can be (un)structured

46
Q

what is a questionnaire

A

asking a large sample of ppl for info on certain topic. involves pre set list of questions intending to get a representation of the target pop

47
Q

strengths of questionnaires

A

can tackle sensitive issues through anonymity, reduce investigator effects and can be given to large amount of people

48
Q

weakness of questionnaires

A

social desirability/misinterpretation of questions

49
Q

what is an open question

A

ppts answer in their own words and can go into detail

50
Q

what is a closed question

A

ppts responses are fixed eg yes or no

51
Q

strength of open questions

A

provides in depth data

52
Q

strength of closed questions

A

easier to analyze

53
Q

weakness of open qs

A

researcher bias

54
Q

weakness of closed qs

A

lacks depth

55
Q

what is an interview

A

method of asking qs, face to face but over phone is possible. either structured or unstructured

56
Q

what is a structured interview

A

pre set questions in same order

57
Q

strength of structured interview

A

all ppts same qs = easy to compare responses

58
Q

weakness of structured interview

A

cant deviate from pre set questions

59
Q

what is an unstructured interview

A

topic area for discussion, no set questions questions are based on responses of interviewee

60
Q

strength of unstructured interview

A

more depth

61
Q

weakness of unstructured interview

A

hard to replicate

psych cap (2 decks)

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