Research methods

Question 1

what is a prospective cohort study?

Answer 1

start with exposure and follow over time to check for particular outcome

Question 2

what is a retrospective cohort study?

Answer 2

start with exposure t point back in time and follow over time to check for a particular outcome

the endpoint is current

Question 3

describe retrospective case-control studies

Answer 3

start with outcome and look back to determine what factors made this more likely

useful in rare diseases

Question 4

what is sensitivity?

Answer 4

correctly identifies those with disease

Question 5

what is specificity?

Answer 5

correctly identifies those without disease

Question 6

how do you calculate sensitivity?

Answer 6

true positives/total number with the disease

Question 7

how do you calculate specificity?

Answer 7

true negatives/total number without the disease

Question 8

how to calculate positive predictive value?

Answer 8

true positives / total number positive

is dependent n disease prevalence - rare disease will reduce PPV of test

Question 9

how to calculate negative predictive value?

Answer 9

true negatives/total number negative