research method terms

Question 1

Applied Research

Answer 1

test of policies, programs and laws

Question 2

Independent Variable (IV)

Answer 2

factors we believe influence the DV

Question 3

Experimental Morality

Answer 3

The lost of subjects before or during the experiment.
Problem:
- long
- People may move away 
- People may become bored
- Effort and time consuming

Question 4

Unit of Analysis

Answer 4

Who or what is being studied.

• individuals
• groups
• locations
• organizations

Question 5

Internal Validity

Answer 5

Looks at cause and effect ( threats happen when something is actually wrong)

Question 6

Plausible

Answer 6

Having an appearance of truth or reason that is credible or believable.

Question 7

Casual Time Ordering

Answer 7

Indefinite time order of experimental stimulus and the dependent variable.

Question 8

Demoralization

Answer 8

Feelings of deprivation among control group that may result in subjects giving up

Question 9

Diffusion of Imitation of Treatments

Answer 9

control and experimental groups learn directly or indirectly about what is occurring in each group.

Question 10

Unethical Research

Answer 10

The wrong thing to do

EX: p-hacking - removing information from study

Question 11

Descriptive Research

Answer 11

simple summary of a given topic

Question 12

Maturation

Answer 12

Participants change over the course of observation based on things like growing older or wiser

Question 13

Selection Bias

Answer 13

selecting participants who are less likely to fail in the program/experiment (to avoid this random assignment is used)

Question 14

Ethical Research

Answer 14

The right thing to do

-No harm (physical or psychological) to participants

Question 15

History

Answer 15

Effect of common events occurring in the lives of participants

Question 16

Dependent Variable

Answer 16

Out come we try to explain

Question 17

Compensatory Rivalry

Answer 17

Subjects deprived of the experimental stimulus may try to compensate by working harder

Question 18

Exploratory Research

Answer 18

Examining a relatively unknown topic

Question 19

Instrumentation

Answer 19

Changes in the instrument, observers and scores may produce changes in the outcome

Question 20

Explanatory Research

Answer 20

Connects ideas to understand cause and effect

Question 21

Statistical Regression

Answer 21

selecting subjects based on extreme scores or characteristics

Question 22

External Validity

Answer 22

Generalized beyond the experiment to other populations, settings and circumstances.

Question 23

Compensatory Treatment

Answer 23

Depriving subjects of something of value to them which gives pressures to offer some sort of compensation.

Question 24

Testing

Answer 24

Changes on how subject responds to measurement after being tested several times
(problem: participants may be able to find out what the motive of the research is and try to give results based on that)

Question 25

Variable Oriented Research

Answer 25

A large number of variables are studied for a small number of cases.

Question 26

Case Oriented

Answer 26

Many cases are examined to understand a small number of variables

Question 27

Nominal

Answer 27

characteristics variable (names/labels). Does not include numbers

Question 28

Ordinal

Answer 28

Focuses on a specific order

Ex: Likeret scale not helpful 1 2 3 4 5 helpful

Question 29

Interval

Answer 29

Looks at the changes between intervals.
- Can do addition with intervals but they cannot be
multiplied.
- Can have a negative number
- Zero doesn’t have a meaning
Ex: Temperature - 80 is ten degrees less than 90 degrees

Question 30

Ratio

Answer 30

Deals with numbers
      - can be added, multiplied and subtracted 
      - Zero has a meaning 
      - No negative ratios (numbers) 
Ex: incarceration time

Question 31

Structured Interview

Answer 31

Consists of predetermined question and answer sets.

Question 32

Semi-structured Interview

Answer 32

Allows you to explore themes that arise during interviews

Question 33

Scheduled probe

Answer 33

Gives examples

Question 34

Unstructured Interviews

Answer 34

More of a conversational style of interviewing.

Question 35

Qualitative interviewing

Answer 35

Same questions in the same order