Research into the biomechanics of running Flashcards
Give some risk factors for developing a running injury
Q angle > 20 increased weekly running distance higher running frequency older running shoes > 4 months type of surface increased age high BMI running every day, all year
what is the biggest single risk factor for the development of a running injury
previous injury
what is the underlying cause of IT band syndrome
friction between the IT band and the underlying lateral epicondyle of the femur
what three factors have been shown to be associated with the development of IT band syndrome
greater angle of internal rotation and adduction
greater knee flexion at heal strike
during a prolonged treadmill run, what factors were noted in patients with PFP compared to controls
lower peak knee flexion and lower peak knee flexion velocity
lower peak hip adduction and lower peak hip adduction velocity
lower peak hip internal rotation velocity
generally, less overall motion
generally, when will a runner develop Achilles tendinopathy
when they increase their training volume or intensity rapidly
what observations were made in people suffering from achilles tendinopathy vs controls
increased eversion range of motion
reduced maximum lower leg abduction
reduced dorsiflexion velocity
reduced knee flexion (known to increase impact peak)
reduced peak tibial external rotation moment
explain the variability-overuse hypothesis
healthy individuals perform movements in a slightly different way each time
by doing this, forces is shared around the structures of the body rather than always being focused in one area
explain the concept of degrees of freedom in movement and explain the implications of too much or too little
how much variability there is within the parts of the body which we control
too much = less control over the body
too little = less variability in movements and a tend towards the injury threshold
what does kinematic co-ordination measure?
how one segment of the body behaves in relation to another
they are attached so what happens at one will affect what happens at the other
define spatial and temporal co-ordination
spatial = where segment A is, relative to segment B at a given moment in time
temporal = timing of movements in one segment relative to movement in another segment e.g maximum joint angle
what difference was found in the kinematic co-ordination between symptomatic PFP subjects and controls
symptomatic PFP showed less variability in their movements
what components of a GRF trace have been attributed to an increased risk of injury development
greater vertical average loading rate (VALR) and vertical instantaneous loading rate (VILR)
greater vertical impact peak (VIP)
why is the study by davis published in 2016 considered to be a stronger design than most previous studies into running related injuries
and what did she find
it was a prospective study
with retrospective studies you can’t be sure that the differences seen were there before the injury occured
VIP and VALR were bigger in injured than non-injured group. also a difference in VILR
explain the training injury prevention paradox
athletes who are training at a higher chronic work load suffer fewer injuries because their bodies are better adapted to the training
novice runners suffer more injuries because of the excessive and rapid increase in work load
