Research into cross-cultural variation in attachment

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

The ideas, customs and social behaviours of a particular people society learnt through socialisation.

Question 2

Subculture

Answer 2

group which shares many dominant culture characteristics bit also has other different characteristics e.g religion.

Question 3

Individualist countries

Answer 3

e.g UK, USA- Individual rights seen as more important than the group

Question 4

Collectivist countries

Answer 4

e.g China, Japan- group takes priority

Question 5

Van Ijzendoorm and Krooenberg aims

Answer 5

To investigate cross cultural variation in attachment types through a meta analysis of the strange situation to draw inferences about external validity of this as a measure of attachment to other populations and settings.

Question 6

Van Ijzendoorm and Krooenberg procedure

Answer 6

Meta-analysis comparing 32 studies of the strange situation
research from 8 nations (western e.g US, GB, Germany)
(non-western e.g Japan, China, Isreal)

Question 7

Van Ijzendoorm and Krooenberg Findings

Answer 7

Consistency in overall distribution of attachment type was found across all cultures.
secure was the most common across all cultures
In western cultures the dominant insecure type is avoidant in non western it is resistant.
1.5x greater variation within culture than between culture
Germany had lots of insecure avoidant infants.

Question 8

Van Ijzendoorm and Krooenberg conculsions

Answer 8

Significant variation shows universality is limited
implications link variation in attachment to child rearing practices
questions the validity of the strange situation.

Question 9

Strength

Answer 9

-Huge sample size improves validity