Research for Cog 1

Question 1

Who did research on babies at 2-3 months old and found out they have a cognitive bias towards correctly configured faces?

Answer 1

Fantz 1961

Question 2

Yin (1996)

Answer 2

Showed that facial recognition is slower and less accurate in inverted faces

Question 3

Who proposed Holistic Form theory and in what year?

Answer 3

Bruce and Young (1986)

Question 4

Who proposed that there are two separate components to grasping?

Answer 4

Jeanneord (1997)

Question 5

Witt et al 2005

Answer 5

Participants judged the distance of targets which were presented just beyond arms reach and asked to reach towards them. Participant judged the targets as closer if they were holding a body extending tool such a baton.

Question 6

who proposed that around 1/23 of us are S’s

Answer 6

Simner et al 2005

Question 7

what year was Jeanneord’s research published?

Answer 7

1997

Question 8

What year was Simner’s research published?

Answer 8

2005

Question 9

What year was Witt’s research published?

Answer 9

2005

Question 10

What year was Yin’s research published?

Answer 10

1969

Question 11

What Year was Fantz’s research published?

Answer 11

1961

Question 12

Nunn et al 2002

Answer 12

fMRI scans showed that S’s have more activity in the region V4 (specialised for colour vision) when hearing a word spoken.

Question 13

What year was Nunn et al’s research published?

Answer 13

2002

Question 14

Posner (1980)

Answer 14

developed an experimental cueing task, which involved valid, neutral and invalid trials with participant’s reaction times being recorded. Participants had to hit a button whenever they saw a target on the screen and there would be one of the three cues on the screen
beforehand hinting at where the target might appear. It was shown that the response time was longer in the invalid trials (where the target appeared somewhere other than where the cue would have suggested). This research suggests that invalid cues are of cost to the brain as they require more attention than valid cues.

Question 15

What year was Posner’s research published?

Answer 15

1980

Question 16

Who showed us that people have different patterns of eye movement but all spend time looking at the important aspects of images such as faces?

Answer 16

Yarbus 1967

Question 17

What year was Yarbus et al’s research published?

Answer 17

1967

Question 18

Young and Hay 1986

Answer 18

Recognition is harder if using composite images than normal faces providing support for the Holistic

Question 19

Milner and Goodale (1992)

Answer 19

concluded from research done on patient DF (ventral stream damage) that there are separate brain systems for using information for perception (conscious awareness) than for controlling actions (largely unaware).

Question 20

what year was Milner and Goodale’s research published?

Answer 20

1992

Question 21

What year was Atkinson and Shiffrins modal model of memory?

Answer 21

1971

Question 22

Godden and Baddeley 1975

Answer 22

Found that people are more likely to remember information if recalling it in the same context that it was learned.

Question 23

What year was Godden and Baddeley’s research published?

Answer 23

1975

Question 24

Skinner 1948

Answer 24

Superstitious pigeons research

Question 25

what year did skinner study superstitous pigeons?

Answer 25

1948

Question 26

Sperling 1960

Answer 26

asked p’s to remember rows of letters, 3 rows of four letters, 12 in total, after flashing the letters for just 1/20th of a second. When asked to recall all 12, they usually remembered less than half, however if a low high or medium tone was played just after the image they could more often than not recall all the letters on the corresponding row.

Question 27

What year was Sperlings research published

Answer 27

1960

Question 28

Farah et al 1988

Answer 28

LImitations for working memory model - as patient LH had been in a car accident and performed better on spatial tasks than those involving visual imagery suggesting there is a distinction between the visual and spatial aspects of memory and therefore the visuospatial sketchpad needs to be broken down