Research Final Exam

Question 1

what is a case study?

Answer 1

detailed report of an individual case

Question 2

an effective case study can contribute to existing knowledge by? (3)

Answer 2

expanding knowledge of an interesting case, thereby

1. informing clinical decision making
2. challenging/supporting theoretical formulations
3. providing groundwork for future investigations

Question 3

limitations of a case study

Answer 3

1. doesn’t have controls (so can’t determine cause-effect)
2. cant generalize
3. no definitive proof

Question 4

know the 5 key elements of an effective case study

Answer 4

see NB paper

Question 5

What are two ways for getting equivalent groups in group experimental designs? Explain them

Answer 5

1. Randomization: randomly assign people to groups, works well for large numbers
2. Matching:
   - overall: overall, groups have same mean age, similar numbers of boys/girls, etc.
   - matched pairs (every person in exp, group has a one to one match with someone in control group)

Question 6

with group experimental studies, there are usually how many in a group?

Answer 6

8-10 or MORE

Question 7

it’s important to know what _____ groups were formed on. Explain.

Answer 7

subject characteristics

- is there anything important they didn’t tell you about?

Question 8

• in single subject designs, what tells us about significance of results?
• in group designs?

Answer 8

• line graphs typically

- STATS

Question 9

what’s the most common type of experimental design?

Answer 9

pretest-posttest experimental design

Question 10

with pretest-posttest experimental design, what should the groups look like before and after therapy?

Answer 10

• EQUAL before

- DIFFERENT after

Question 11

what’s a weak experimental design?

Answer 11

posttest only group design

Question 12

example of factorial design?

Answer 12

did mild, moderate, or severe kids benefit most from the treatment?

Question 13

Another name for IV is what?

Answer 13

factor

Question 14

what if you have a group that gets treatment that you do a pre and post test with, but no control group?

Answer 14

CASE STUDY

- no controls to establish cause-effect

Question 15

how many subjects in single subject typically?

Answer 15

1-5

Question 16

Name and explain 4 control mechanisms in single subject design

Answer 16

1. Baselines: multiple measures of DV prior to treatment, shows that DV isn’t changing before treatment.
2. Replication: intrasubject & intersubject
3. Withdrawal/Reinstatement: take therapy away then reinstate to show cause-effect
4. Rapid alterations: controls for extraneous variable of time

Question 17

If you want to compare 2 treatments with withdrawal, what do you need to do?

Answer 17

• need withdrawal period between treatment

Question 18

with withdrawal, want to pick a behavior with a __ percent accuracy initially. Why?

Answer 18

LOW

- don’t want them to master it, so you can show cause-effect

Question 19

what’s a weak withdrawal design with multiple treatments? What’s a stronger design and why?

Answer 19

• ABC

- ABAC: there’s withdrawal between, not one after another

Question 20

If there’s more than one subject with withdrawal and more than one treatment, you’d want to do what?

Answer 20

alternate the order in which they’re getting the treatments

Question 21

See example graphs in single subject PP

Answer 21

study

Question 22

can you compare 2 different treatments with multiple baseline?

Answer 22

NO

Question 23

what’s a multiple probe design?

Answer 23

same as multiple baseline, but decreases the frequency of data collection (periodically record data)

Question 24

when can you see INTRASUBJECT replication

Answer 24

multiple baselines across behaviors, withdrawal designs, rapid alternating

Question 25

methods of single subject should include what about subjects? ex

Answer 25

A LOT about each

- age, disorder, test results to describe impairment/strengths/weaknesses, past treatment

Question 26

in SS design, need detailed description of what else?

Answer 26

IV: time, materials, cueing

Question 27

most common way to depict data with SS? sometimes?

Answer 27

LINE GRAPHS depicting daily data

• bar chart: means per condition if comparing 2 treatments in rapid alternating or withdrawal desing
• gain in each behavior if multiple baseline