Research Final Exam Flashcards
what is a case study?
detailed report of an individual case
an effective case study can contribute to existing knowledge by? (3)
expanding knowledge of an interesting case, thereby
- informing clinical decision making
- challenging/supporting theoretical formulations
- providing groundwork for future investigations
limitations of a case study
- doesn’t have controls (so can’t determine cause-effect)
- cant generalize
- no definitive proof
know the 5 key elements of an effective case study
see NB paper
What are two ways for getting equivalent groups in group experimental designs? Explain them
- Randomization: randomly assign people to groups, works well for large numbers
- Matching:
- overall: overall, groups have same mean age, similar numbers of boys/girls, etc.
- matched pairs (every person in exp, group has a one to one match with someone in control group)
with group experimental studies, there are usually how many in a group?
8-10 or MORE
it’s important to know what _____ groups were formed on. Explain.
subject characteristics
- is there anything important they didn’t tell you about?
- in single subject designs, what tells us about significance of results?
- in group designs?
- line graphs typically
- STATS
what’s the most common type of experimental design?
pretest-posttest experimental design
with pretest-posttest experimental design, what should the groups look like before and after therapy?
- EQUAL before
- DIFFERENT after
what’s a weak experimental design?
posttest only group design
example of factorial design?
did mild, moderate, or severe kids benefit most from the treatment?
Another name for IV is what?
factor
what if you have a group that gets treatment that you do a pre and post test with, but no control group?
CASE STUDY
- no controls to establish cause-effect
how many subjects in single subject typically?
1-5
Name and explain 4 control mechanisms in single subject design
- Baselines: multiple measures of DV prior to treatment, shows that DV isn’t changing before treatment.
- Replication: intrasubject & intersubject
- Withdrawal/Reinstatement: take therapy away then reinstate to show cause-effect
- Rapid alterations: controls for extraneous variable of time
If you want to compare 2 treatments with withdrawal, what do you need to do?
- need withdrawal period between treatment
with withdrawal, want to pick a behavior with a __ percent accuracy initially. Why?
LOW
- don’t want them to master it, so you can show cause-effect
what’s a weak withdrawal design with multiple treatments? What’s a stronger design and why?
- ABC
- ABAC: there’s withdrawal between, not one after another
If there’s more than one subject with withdrawal and more than one treatment, you’d want to do what?
alternate the order in which they’re getting the treatments
See example graphs in single subject PP
study
can you compare 2 different treatments with multiple baseline?
NO
what’s a multiple probe design?
same as multiple baseline, but decreases the frequency of data collection (periodically record data)
when can you see INTRASUBJECT replication
multiple baselines across behaviors, withdrawal designs, rapid alternating
methods of single subject should include what about subjects? ex
A LOT about each
- age, disorder, test results to describe impairment/strengths/weaknesses, past treatment
in SS design, need detailed description of what else?
IV: time, materials, cueing
most common way to depict data with SS? sometimes?
LINE GRAPHS depicting daily data
- bar chart: means per condition if comparing 2 treatments in rapid alternating or withdrawal desing
- gain in each behavior if multiple baseline
