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Clinical Research > Research Exam > Flashcards

Research Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Hierarchy of Evidence?

A
  1. N of 1 RCT
  2. Multiple patient randomized trials
  3. Observational studies
  4. Basic research
  5. Clinical experience
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2
Q

What are the 3 ways to use medical literature?

A
  1. Staying alert to important new evidence
  2. Problem solving
  3. Asking background (novice) and foreground (expert) questions
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3
Q

What does PICO stand for?

A

Patient
Interventions
Comparison
Outcome

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4
Q

What does PECO stand for?

A

Population
Exposure
Comparison
Outcome

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5
Q

What is apprasial?

A

How serious is the risk of bias and what are the results

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6
Q

What are the four domains of practice?

A

Diagnosis
Prognosis
Intervention
Harm

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7
Q

What is evidence-based practice?

A

integration of best research evidence, clinical expertise and pt values

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8
Q

What are the 6 steps of EBM Method?

A
  1. Acknowledge something I know
  2. Formulate PICO
  3. Search databases
  4. Select best available evidence
  5. Integrate evidence with clinical practice and pt values
  6. Periodically evaluate self
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9
Q

What are the 3 fundamentals of EBM?

A

Optimal clinical decision making
Guidance
Evidence alone is never sufficient

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10
Q

What does SORT stand for?

A

Strength-of- Recommendation Taxonomy

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11
Q

SORT = A

A

consistent, good quality pt oriented evidence

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12
Q

SORT= B

A

Inconsistent or limited quality pt oriented evidence

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13
Q

SORT= C

A

consensus, disease oriented evidence, usual practice, expert opinion, or case series for studies of dx, tx, prevention or screening.

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14
Q

How many levels of evidence is there?

A

1-5

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15
Q

What are the 5 types of foreground questions?

A 
Therapy
Harm
Ddx
Dx
Prognosis
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16
Q

What study is more common?

A

observational cohort study

17
Q

What stats are seen in cohort studies?

A

incidence

18
Q

What stats are seen in cross-sectional studies?

A

prevalence

19
Q

What study design is good for rare diseases?

A

case-control

20
Q

What is sensitivity

A

probability a person WITH a dz will test +

21
Q

What is specificity?

A

probability a person WITHOUT a dz will test -

22
Q

A NEG result from a highly senstive test will what?

A

RULE OUT the disease

23
Q

A POS result from a highly specific test will what?

A

RULE IN the disease

24
Q

PLR should be over ? is significant?

A

5

25
Q

NLR should be under ? is significant?

A
26
Q

What is a positive likelihood ratio?

A

always >1

27
Q

What is a negative likelihood ratio?

A

always < 1

28
Q

A likelihood ratio ? means the test is useless?

A

1

Clinical Research (1 decks)

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