Research ethics

Question 1

what is scientific integrity and why is it needed?

Answer 1

science is built on trust and honesty; we have a responsibility to perform science at the highest level of integrity to provide honest foundation for reasearch

Question 2

what are the 3 underlying motives for scientific misconduct?

Answer 2

1. career/academic pressure
2. belief that one knows the answer and can take a short cut to get there
3. notion that some experiments yield data that are not reproducible

Question 3

what are 3 examples that are not misconduct?

Answer 3

proposing hypotheses that turn out to be false; offering conflicting interpretations; making erroneous observations and analyses

Question 4

what is the purpose of authorship on a publication?

Answer 4

attributes credit for the work and establishes who accepts responsibility for it

Question 5

what is a peer review?

Answer 5

review by other members of the scientific community most are ad hoc reviewers

Question 6

what is a conflict or interest and some examples?

Answer 6

an individual exploits their position for personal gain of a member of their immediate family; gifts/gratuities, compensation, nepotism

Question 7

what is the IACUC used for? what kind of personnel does it include?

Answer 7

institutional animal care and use committees; vet, scientist, non-scientist (clergy, lawyer, ethicist), non-institutional-affiliated individual

Question 8

what does replacement mean in animal research?

Answer 8

can something besides animal be used? if not is there a lower species?

Question 9

what does reduction mean in animal research?

Answer 9

use min # of animal lives to answer research question, but enough to provide statistical power

Question 10

what does refinement mean in animal research?

Answer 10

reduce incidence/severity of pain

Question 11

what are the 3 main principles brought about from the belmont report?

Answer 11

respect for persons: dignity and autonomy, beneficence: max benefits min risks, justice: distribute benefits and burdens of research

Question 12

what is the IRB used for?

Answer 12

institutional review board- reviews all research proposal relating to human research; determines risk to benefit ratio

Question 13

what are some characteristics of informed consent?

Answer 13

consent form, consent must be voluntary, confidentiality must be maintained, subjects free to withdraw at anytime