Research Designs Flashcards
descriptive research design
includes research that provides exploratory data about the specific variables being examined.
survey research design
includes gathering information regarding perceptions and behaviors through the use of questionnaires.
developing a questionnaire
Identifying an Objective
Identifying the Sample
Determining Questionnaire Format and Item Development
Accessing the Sample
Collecting and Analyzing Responses
behavioral observation design
includes the process of collecting objective information by a live observer or through the use of audio or videotapes.
quant: duration recording
involves determining the amount of time spent on a predetermined behavior.
quant: frequency recording
involves determining the number of times a predetermined behavior occurs.
quant: interval recording
involves determining if the predetermined behavior occurs or does not occur within a specific time period.
quasi experimental designs
focus on comparing group differences in which the groups studied cannot be manipulated or randomly assigned.
true experimental designs
focus on comparing group differences in which the groups studied are manipulated or randomly assigned.
correlation research designs
focus on determining the relationship among two continuous variables or how much the predictor variable influences the criterion variable.
correlation: predictor variable
used to explain the criterion or outcome variable in correlation research designs, otherwise known as the X variable.
correlation: criterion variable
the variable that is being explained by the predictor variable in correlation research designs, otherwise known as the Y variable.
qualitative research approach
asks questions such as “how” or “why” to explore research topic areas from the participants’ descriptive perspective to lead to results and conclusions.
qual: research questions
include descriptive and exploratory “how” and “why” questions when using the qualitative research approach.
qual: inductive reasoning
a bottom up form of problem solving in which new conclusions are based on information generated from individual observations or experiences.
qual: deductive reasoning
a top down form of problem solving in which new conclusions are based on theory.
trustworthiness
integrity of qualitative data
qual: trustworthiness: prolonged engagement
uses immersion into the research setting to allow the qualitative researcher an opportunity to build a rapport and trust.
qual: trustworthiness: peer debriefing
uses individuals who have not been immersed within the qualitative data collection to provide an alternative look at the data.
qual: trustworthiness: member checking
allows the participants to ensure the data collected during an interview was accurately and appropriately transcribed.
qual: trustworthiness: triangulation
employing multiple methods of collecting data that all measure the same research variable.
structured interview
includes predetermined questions that the researcher must follow verbatim during an interview.
semi structured interview
includes predetermined questions that the researcher will use as a guide, but he or she can be flexible with the scripted questions during an interview.
unstructured interview
includes a limited number of predetermined questions that the researcher may use as a reference, but he or she must rely on the participant’s responses to guide the direction of the interview.
focus groups
include many people to discuss specific questions asked by the researcher or moderator.
direct observation
collection of data through the eyes of a qualitative researcher.
stimulated recall
audio or video taping of an event followed by replay with the participants to recollect information or evoke emotions for purposes of future understanding the research question.
ethnographic research
involves direct observation by a participant observer to better understand sociocultural phenomena.
phenomenological research
uses interviews to better understand individual perceptions of a phenomena or event.
qual: case study
an in-depth examination of a “case” – such as a person, organization, incident, or community – employing a wide variety of data collection methodology to understand the case.
qual: narrative inquiry research
a form of storytelling involving the collection of anecdotal information that is analyzed through the eyes of the researcher or those who participated.
mixed method research approach
includes both qualitative and quantitative aspects to lead to results and conclusions.
triangulation mixed methods research design
employing multiple methods of collecting data
explanatory mixed methods research design
includes a sequence of collecting quantitative data and then qualitative data to better understand the initial quantitative aspect of the research.
embedded mixed methods research design
uses data that are collected simultaneously using both quantitative and qualitative approaches.
exploratory mixed methods research design
involves collecting qualitative data first and then quantitative data to better understand a new construct or theory.
action research
typically takes place in an applied setting that leads to results and conclusions that are intended to directly benefit current practices.
pros of mixed methods
Creating partnerships
Answer unique research questions
Greater diversity of findings
cons of mixed methods
Design tedious
Length of study
Funding
Finding partnerships
