Research Design Flashcards
Learn Research Design silly
- Tom was experiencing dizziness just before he ate his lunch and noted that after he started eating his dizziness disappeared. From this he inferred that dizziness was due to a lack of nutrition and whenever someone complained of dizziness he encouraged them to eat. His inference that dizziness is due to lack of nutrition demonstrates what reasoning process?
a. deduction
b. hypothesis testing
c. induction
c. naturalism
Induction
- In order to isolate the cause of a behaviour, research psychologists rely primarily on being able to
a. get authoritative advice.
b. do statistical testing.
c. control the environment.
d. communicate their findings.
Control the environment
- Suppose that a student taking research methods proposes to test the hypothesis that “playing violent video games leads men to have negative attitudes toward women.” After being asked to operationalize her variables the student proposes the following hypotheses. Which one provides the best operational definitions of her variables?
a. Playing video games that advocate violence leads men to have bad feelings toward women.
b. Playing video games does not lead men to have negative feelings toward women.
c. Playing the violent video game Battle Warrior for 2 hours a day for one week will cause men to have negative attitudes toward women as measured by the Hostility Toward Women scale.
d. Playing Nintendo for more fun
Obviously C - look at that long ass answer. Durr pick one that defines thing. C obviously defines that thing.
- Which of the following best describes the relationship between empirical observation and theory?
a. empirical observation guides theory (logic of discovery)
b. theory guides future research which is empirically tested (logic of justification)
c. both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are true – that is, there is constant interaction between theory and empirical observation
d. theory and empirical observation are independent of one another
both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are true – that is, there is constant interaction between theory and empirical observation
- In a study designed to identify factors involved in helping behavior, a man on a crowded bus clutches his chest and falls to the floor. In one of the conditions of the study the man is clean shaven and wearing a suit; in the other condition he has a scraggly beard and is wearing a dirty t-shirt and jeans. The amount of time it takes for someone to help the man is recorded. In this example the independent variable is
a. the amount of time it takes someone to help.
b. the appearance of the man.
c. the participants in the study.
d. how crowded the bus is.
The appearance of the man.
- A(n) ______________ variable is one that can compete with the independent variable in explaining the outcome of the experiment.
a. independent
b. extraneous
c. dependent
d. moderating
Extraneous.
- Experimental research, as opposed to nonexperimental research, allows us to make statements about cause-and-effect relationships. Why is this so?
a. Experimental research involves studying only how two variables covary.
b. Experimental research uses statistical analysis.
c. In experimental research, we can observe the effects of manipulating variables under controlled conditions.
d. Experimental research uses objective observations.
C - it is the ability to control the environment to promote internal validity of the experiment.
- ___________ research is primarily descriptive and useful in theory generation while _______ research is more useful in testing hypotheses.
a. Quantitative; qualitative
b. Qualitative; quantitative
c. Experimental; correlational
d. Cross-sectional; longitudinal
Qualitative research is primarily descriptive and useful in theory generation while quantitative research is more useful in testing hypotheses.
- Ramon determines that in his neighborhood “amount of ice cream consumed” and “number of violent crimes” are positively correlated – the more ice cream consumed, the more crimes are committed. He concludes that something in ice cream leads people to commit violent crimes. What has Ramon overlooked?
a. the “third variable” problem as some other variable could lead to an increase in both ice cream consumption and violent crime
b. the reactive effect as the people in his neighborhood were probably aware that he was observing them, and altered their behavior toward what they thought he wanted to see
c. his observations are qualitative
Yeah deff A on this one big boy. No information on people being watched - and qualitative generally refers to interviews. So has to be a third variable like drugs or socio disadvantage (just spit balling)
- It is useful for a research problem to be stated as precisely as possible because
a. specific questions are more likely to be proved correct.
b. the more specific the question is, the easier it is to get statistical significance.
c. a specific question allows the researcher to focus on only one variable at a time.
d. specific questions help the researcher decide what techniques, participants, and measures to use.
D ? IDK
- A research problem states the issue to be studied in question form. A scientific hypothesis
a. states the predicted relationship between/among variables.
b. specifies the procedure that the experimenter will use to answer the question.
c. is another name for the research problem.
d. states what statistics will be used to answer the research problem.
Wow - so read carefully. Hypothesis states the predicted relationship.
- Which of the following measurement scales is accurately paired with an example?
a. Interval—rankings of tennis players
b. Ratio—zip codes
c. Nominal—test scores on an exam
d. d. Ordinal—a professor listing his students from the best to worst
It is the professor listing his students from best to worst.
Nominal - would have been Zip codes - i.e., no meaning just categories.
Interval - would of been like temp
Ratio - is measurement with a zero.
If we include items assessing memory, logic, and verbal comprehension on an intelligence test – as opposed to food preferences or shoe size – then we have satisfied which of the following types of validity?
a. Discriminant
b. Convergent
c. Face
d. Internal
Face validity. Prima facie does it measure what it is meant to measure.
- internal not relevant.
- convergent related to other measures on the score
- discriminant - can maybe apply but nahhhh.
- Construct validity
a. is not needed if you use a good operational definition.
b. is supported when similar results are obtained from different operationalizations of the dependent variable.
c. is not needed if your measure if reliable.
d. is determined by replicating the results of your experiment.
B - just go longest answer. Makes most sense as well. sense sence cents.
- Tom wanted to assess the reliability of his measure of anxiety so he had a group of introductory psychology students complete the measure of anxiety on March 3 and again on March 25. He then compared the scores that the students made on the two testing occasions using a statistical technique called correlation. He used this quantitative index as his measure of reliability. Tom used what method to assess reliability?
a. test-retest
b. equivalent forms
c. split-half
d. Cronbach’s alpha
a - test retest baby. Did it before than after. Didn’t split. Have no idea what B is.
