Research and History Flashcards
Mastery
What is Empiricism:
the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should rely on observation and experimentation.
What is Structuralism:
an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind. Introduced by Edward Titchener.
what is Introspection:
looking inward
what is subjective:
existing in the mind: personal emotions, beliefs, feelings, etc.
what is Objective:
intending to complete a goal, the same applies to everyone
what is Functionalism:
a school of psychology that focuses on how our mental and behavioral processes function and how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish. Introduced by William James.
what is Experimental psychology:
the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method.
what is Behaviorism:
the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2).
what is Humanistic psychology:
historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth.
what is Cognitive neuroscience:
the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).
what is Psychology:
the science of behavior and mental processes of people and organisms. Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany.
what is Nature-Nurture issue:
the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes (nature) and experience (nurture) make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors.
what is
Natural Selection:
the principle that among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations. Charles Darwin proposed this theory.
what is Psychometrics:
the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits.
what is Applied research:
scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.
what is Basic research:
pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.
what is Developmental psychology:
the scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social change
what is Educational psychology:
the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning.
what is Personality psychology:
the study of an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
what is Social psychology:
the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.
what is Industrial-Organizational psychology:
the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.
what is Human factors psychology:
the study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and environments.
what is Counseling psychology:
:a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being.
what is Clinical psychology:
a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.
