Research and History

Question 1

What is Empiricism:

Answer 1

the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should rely on observation and experimentation.

Question 2

What is Structuralism:

Answer 2

an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind. Introduced by Edward Titchener.

Question 3

what is Introspection:

Answer 3

looking inward

Question 4

what is subjective:

Answer 4

existing in the mind: personal emotions, beliefs, feelings, etc.

Question 5

what is Objective:

Answer 5

intending to complete a goal, the same applies to everyone

Question 6

what is Functionalism:

Answer 6

a school of psychology that focuses on how our mental and behavioral processes function and how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish. Introduced by William James.

Question 7

what is Experimental psychology:

Answer 7

the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method.

Question 8

what is Behaviorism:

Answer 8

the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2).

Question 9

what is Humanistic psychology:

Answer 9

historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth.

Question 10

what is Cognitive neuroscience:

Answer 10

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).

Question 11

what is Psychology:

Answer 11

the science of behavior and mental processes of people and organisms. Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany.

Question 12

what is Nature-Nurture issue:

Answer 12

the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes (nature) and experience (nurture) make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors.

Question 13

what is
Natural Selection:

Answer 13

the principle that among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations. Charles Darwin proposed this theory.

Question 14

what is Psychometrics:

Answer 14

the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits.

Question 15

what is Applied research:

Answer 15

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.

Question 16

what is Basic research:

Answer 16

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.

Question 17

what is Developmental psychology:

Answer 17

the scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social change

Question 18

what is Educational psychology:

Answer 18

the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning.

Question 19

what is Personality psychology:

Answer 19

the study of an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.

Question 20

what is Social psychology:

Answer 20

the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.

Question 21

what is Industrial-Organizational psychology:

Answer 21

the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.

Question 22

what is Human factors psychology:

Answer 22

the study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and environments.

Question 23

what is Counseling psychology:

Answer 23

:a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being.

Question 24

what is Clinical psychology:

Answer 24

a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.

Question 25

what is Psychiatry:

Answer 25

a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who often provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy.

Question 26

what is Levels of Analysis:

Answer 26

the differing complementary, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon.

Question 27

what is Levels of Analysis:

Answer 27

the differing complementary, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon.

Question 28

what is Biopsychosocial approach:

Answer 28

an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis.