Research Flashcards

1001PSY, week 2: research

1
Q

Advantages of scientific approach

A
  • Clarity and precision

- Intolerance of error

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2
Q

Goals of scientific approach

A
  • Description (summarizing data, makes relationships between them understandable)
  • Prediction (use research to identify what will occur)
  • Understanding (identifying the factors that led to the result)
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3
Q

Theory

A

Systematic way of organizing and explaining observations

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4
Q

Hypothesis

A

A tentative statement about the way to or more factors interact/impact each other

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5
Q

5 steps of scientific method

A
Theory  
Hypothesis  
Test  
Evidence 
Conclusion
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6
Q

Experimental research

A
  • Cause-effect
  • Manipulate variable (independent variable) under controlled conditions and observes whether changes occur in a second (dependent variable)
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7
Q

6 steps in an experiment

A
  1. Hypothesis
  2. Variables
  3. Standardized procedure
  4. Participants
  5. Statistical techniques to data
  6. Conclusion
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8
Q

Independent group design (between-subjects)

A

Different participants are exposed to one level of IV

one measure “per person”

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9
Q

Within-subjects design

A

One participant is exposed to all the different levels of IV

repeated measures for one person

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10
Q

Mean, median, mode

A

Average, in the middle, most frequent

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11
Q

Inferential statistics

A
  • interpret data + draw conclusions

- tells if the hypothesis was supported

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12
Q

Generalisability

A

Internal and external validity

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13
Q

Descriptive statistics

A

organize and summarize

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14
Q

Extraneous variables

A

Other variables than IV that can influence DV

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15
Q

Confounding

A

When two variables are linked together, and makes it hard to separate their specific effect on DV

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16
Q

Descriptive Research

A
  • Case studies – in depth-study of the behavior of a small group or person
  • Naturalistic observation- in-depth study of phenomenon in its natural setting (good generalizability)
  • Survey research- questionnaires/interviews. Asks large number og people questions
  • Can’t imply causation
17
Q

Correlational research

A
  • When variables cant be manipulated
  • Exists when two variables are associated with one another
  • Correlation coefficient indicates strength and direction of the association
18
Q

Ethics in experiments

A
  • Informed concent
  • Welfare
  • Voluntary
  • Conficentiality
  • Avoid deception
  • Fair treatment
  • Ethics approval