Research

Question 1

Internal Consistency

Answer 1

how well a measure measures something i.e. outcome measures consistently measure what is being asked

Cronbach Alpha test
close to 0 = dont correlate
close to 1= correlate
> 90 suggest repetition between items

Question 2

Test retest reliability

Answer 2

how well an item measures something (performance)

- take berg balance and score 5, next trial you should also score a 5

Question 3

Reliability measured by

Answer 3

Cohens Kappa (K)

.75 excellent

Removes chance from something happening

Also ICC measure
.75 good

Question 4

Consistency, Reliability, Validity

Answer 4

Consistency
Reliability
Validity

Question 5

Validity

Answer 5

How well a test measures what it is intended to measure

1. Face- a measure appears what is intended to measure
   - less formal than content validity
2. Content- a measure that covers the broad range of areas within the concept of study
   - ex. theatre degree not only covers acting, but stagecrew, lighting etc
3. Construct- ensures measure is actually measuring what it is intended to measure
4. Criterion- GOLD STANDARD
   - compares to an estabilished mesaure of the same characteristic or construct
   - how does the measure compare to other more estabilished measures

Question 6

P Value

Answer 6

% that something happens not due to chance

can also show if a finding is significant. usually set at P < .05 for significance. If so, you reject the null hypthesis which states that there will be no chance, so youre saying it is significant or there will in fact be a change.

Question 7

Confidence interval

Answer 7

Measures reliability- a little better than P value
Ex. 95% CI from 1-5 means 95% chance the value falls within 1-5. Narrower the CI the better
“ estimates of a car- would go to a guy who says costs will be 500-550$ vs 500-1000$”

Question 8

Effect size

Answer 8

• tells us if a study is important, if it has clinical signifciance not statistical significance
• can measure % of experimental group scores > control group average ( higher the effect size, higher the # >)

Question 9

Positive likelihood ratio

Answer 9

Sensitivity/1-specificity

> 10 good
5-10 moderate
2-5 mild
1-2 small

Question 10

Negative likelihood ratio

Answer 10

1- sensativity/specificity

Question 11

Number needed to treat

Answer 11

number of patients needed for a treatment to be effective

• smaller the number the better
• ex. pill needs to be taken by 2 patients to get a postive result vs 1000 to see a positive result

Question 12

Iontophoresis indication

Answer 12

heel pain

Question 13

TENS indication

Answer 13

knee OA

Question 14

US indication

Answer 14

Calcific tendonitis, RA

Question 15

Fibromyalgia

Answer 15

11/18 pain points (Bilateral)- both axial and appendicular pain > 3 months

(2) - occiput
(2) - lower cervical c5/7 region
(2) - upper traps
(2) - supraspinatus
(2) 2nd rib (anterior)
(2) lateral epicondyle
(2) Gluteal/ SI joints
(2) greater Troch
(2) knees

Question 16

Myofascial pain syndrome vs fibromyalgia

Answer 16

MPS is more regional and local. Fibromyalgia more global with 11/18 pain points in diff regions of body

MPS follows a characteristic pattern of pain (more trigger points)
- does not follow dermatome, myotomoe or peripheral nerve patterns.

Question 17

BPPV

Answer 17

only vestibular HYPERfunction disease. all other vestibular diseases are hypofunction

Dx: dix hallpike
Tx: Eppleys maneuever 80% effective (start by going torwards same side of involvement)
- peform dix hallpike and hold for 30 seconds, then rotate 45 degrees contralaterally, hold for 30 seconds, then have pt rotate body to meet head, hold for 30 seconds, then finally sit them up

Question 18

Dynamic Gait Index (DGI)

Answer 18

Predicts falls
scores <19 predicts falls in the elderly
> 22 = safe ambulators
 8 items
- gait level surface
- change in gait speed
- gait with horiz head turns
- gait with vertical head turns
- gait and pivot turns
- step over obstacle
- step around obstacle
- steps

Question 19

Peripheral Neuropathy CPR

Answer 19

• hyporeflexia
• decrease vibration sense
• decreased proprioception of hallux