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2nd Grading > Research > Flashcards

Research Flashcards

1
Q

Can inhibit growth of many microorganisms by washing and scrubbing with soaps and detergents.

A

Microbial control

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2
Q

Process of removing or killing all microorganisms and viruses on or in a product.

A

Sterilization

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3
Q

Ensures complete destruction of all microorganisms, including cells, spores, and viruses.

A

Sterilization

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4
Q

Examples of sterilization

A 
Dry heat
●Autoclaving
●Gas
●Various chemicals
●Certain types of radiation
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5
Q

Process that reduces number of potential disease-causing bacteria and viruses on a material until they no longer present a hazard

A

Disinfection

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6
Q

These terms mean the same as disinfection

A

Decontamination and sanitation

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7
Q

A chemical used to disinfect inanimate objects.

A

Disinfectant

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8
Q

●Method of disinfecting liquids.

A

Pasteurization

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9
Q

●Heat liquids to a certain temperature.

A

Pasteurization

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10
Q

●Does not totally destroy pathogens.

A

Pasteurization

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11
Q

Inactivation or removal of both microbial toxins and the living microbial pathogens.

A

Decontamination

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12
Q

Solutions used to disinfect skin and other living tissues.

A

Antiseptic

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13
Q

Reduction of microbial populations to levels considered safe by public health standards.

A

Sanitation

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14
Q

The suffix –cide or –cidal refers to

A

Killing

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15
Q

Examples of microbicidal agents

A

–Ex. Microbicidal agents (microbicides)

–Ex. Bactericidal agents

–Ex. Sporicidal agents

–Ex. Viricidal agents

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16
Q

Drug or chemical that inhibits the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.

A

Miscrobistatic agent

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17
Q

One that specifically inhibits the metabolism and reproduction of bacteria

A

Becteriostatic agents

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18
Q

Microbistatic technique examples

A 
Lyophilization (freeze-drying)
Rapid freezing (using liquid nitrogen)
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19
Q

Presence of pathogens in blood or tissues.

A

Sepsis

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20
Q

Absence of pathogens

A

Asepsis

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21
Q

Examples of asepsis

A

Hand washing; use of sterile gloves, masks, gowns; sterilization of surgical equipment; use of disinfectants.

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22
Q

Prevention of infection.

A

Antisepsis

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23
Q

Use of antiseptics.

A

Antiseptic techique

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24
Q

Who developed the antiseptic technique

A

Joseph Lister (1867).

25
Q

Practice of excluding all microorganisms from a particular area, so that the area will be sterile.

A

Sterile technique

26
Q

Methods used to destroy or inhibit microbial growth may be

A

Physical or chemical

27
Q

Examples of Controlling Microbial Growth Using Physical Methods

A 
Heat
●Combination of heat and pressure
●Desiccation
●Radiation
●Sonic disruption
●Filtration
28
Q

Practical, efficient, and inexpensive method of sterilization

A

Heat

29
Q

2 factors that influence effectiveness of heat for sterilization

A

temperature and time

30
Q

●Lowest temperature that will kill all organisms in a standardized pure culture within a specified period.

A

Thermal Death Point (TDP)

31
Q

●Length of time necessary to sterilize a pure culture at a specified temperature.

A

Thermal Death Time (TDT)

32
Q

Heating materials in absence of moisture.

A

Dry heat

33
Q

Dry heat must be baked

A

Must be baked at 160º to 165ºC for 2 hours or at 170º to 180ºC for 1 hour.

34
Q

Other methods of dry heat

A

incineration

flaming surface of metal materials like forceps and loops.

35
Q

Boiling or steaming.

A

Moist heat

36
Q

Most pathogens are destroyed After

A

30 mins of boiling

37
Q

not always effective against some endospores and viruses.

A

Boiling

38
Q

Boiling not an option for

A

Thermophiles

39
Q

Large metal pressure cooker that uses steam under pressure to completely destroy all microorganisms.

A

Autoclaving

40
Q

Increased pressure raises the temperature of boiling water (i.e. above 100ºC) producing steam.

A

Autoclaving

41
Q

Use of a pressure cooker.

A

Home canning

42
Q

If foods canned without _____ some bacterial endospores may survive.

A

pressure

43
Q

●For clothing, bedding, and dishes

●Use hot water with soap or detergent

●Agitate solution around items

A

Disinfecting technique

44
Q

These disinfecting techniques kills most microbes.

A

Combination of heat, mechanical action, and chemical inhibition

45
Q

●Metabolic activities slowed.

A

Cold

46
Q

●Most microbes not killed, but growth inhibited.

A

Cold

47
Q

not a good way to preserve bacteriological or biologic specimen.

A

Slow freezing

48
Q

a good way to preserve bacteriological or biologic specimen.

A

Rapid freezing (liquid nitrogen)

49
Q

Process of drying materials.

Many microbes can remain viable despite absence of nutrients and moisture.

Dried blood, fecal material, and dust may still contain viable microbes.

A

Desiccation

50
Q

example of desiccation

A

Lyophilization (freeze-drying)

51
Q

sometimes used to prevent or decrease microbial growth.

A

Ultraviolet (UV) light

52
Q

Types of radiation that may be used to destroy or prevent microbial growth.

A

X-rays and gamma and beta rays

53
Q

Often used to sterilize and clean delicate equipment.

A

Ultrasonic waves

54
Q

●Consists of tanks filled with liquid solvent (usually water).

●________are passed through liquid.

●________dislodge organic debris.

●Materials must then be washed and sterilized by another method.

A

Ultrasonic waves
Short sound waves
Sound waves

55
Q

●Filters of various pore sizes are used to filter or separate larger cells, larger viruses, bacteria, and other microbes from gases or liquids in which they are suspended.

● _______ used to prevent the outward and inward movement of microbes.

A

Filtration

Paper masks

56
Q

Altering atmosphere of microbes to inhibit growth

A

Gaseous atmosphere

57
Q

Chemical Agents Used to Inhibit Microbial Growth

●Temporarily or permanently.

●Different disinfectants have different properties.

●_______should be chosen based on their efficiency and effectiveness for a particular situation.

A

Disinfectants

58
Q

How do disinfectants kill microorganisms

A

Some target and destroy cell membranes.
●Ex. Surface-active soaps and detergents; alcohols

●Some destroy enzymes and structural proteins.
●Ex. Formaldehyde and ethylene oxide

●Some attack cell walls or nucleic acids.

59
Q

Can be used safely on human skin.

●Reduces # of organisms on the surface.

●Does not penetrate _________

A

Antiseptics

Pores or hair follicles

2nd Grading (1 decks)

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