Research

Question 1

Assent

Answer 1

Childs affirmative agreement to participate in research

Question 2

Respect for Persons

Answer 2

individuals right of self determination and the right to make decisions about their medical care. People with diminished autonomy must be provided special protection

Question 3

Beneficence

Answer 3

researcher must provide for the well being of subjects. Maximize benefits and minimize harm

Question 4

Justice

Answer 4

fair treatment of subjects. Equitable distribution of burdens and benefits in research

Question 5

Nominal Scale

Answer 5

classification scale. Values are mutually exclusive and exhaustive. Each personal can only be assigned to one category. Qualitative. Ex: blood type, type of arthritis

Question 6

Ordinal Scale

Answer 6

Ranking scale. Data is ranked on basis of a property of the variable, intervals may not be equal (or known). Ex: MMT, level of assistance, pain

Question 7

Interval Scale

Answer 7

Intervals are equal, but there is no true zero point. Ex: temperature

Question 8

Ratio Scale

Answer 8

Intervals are equal and there is a true zero point. Ex: ROM, distance walked, nerve conduction velocity

Question 9

Face Validity

Answer 9

Degree to which a measurement appears to test what its supposed to

Question 10

Content Validity

Answer 10

Degree to which a measurement reflects the meaningful elements of a construct and the items in a test adequately reflect the content domain of interest and not extraneous elements

Question 11

Construct Validity

Answer 11

Degree to which a theoretical construct is measured by a test of measurement.

Question 12

Criterion Related Validity

Answer 12

Compared to a “gold standard”

Question 13

Independent Variable

Answer 13

The variable that has caused or influenced the dependent variable. Controlled by researcher.

Question 14

Dependent Variable

Answer 14

Outcome assumed to be caused by the effect of the independent variable

Question 15

Alpha Level

Answer 15

Significance level. Probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true (type 1 error)

Question 16

Type 1 Error

Answer 16

False positive - wrongly reject null hypothesis (indicates there is a relationship, when there is not).

Question 17

Type 2 Error

Answer 17

False negative - wrongly don’t reject null (indicates there is no relationship, when there is one)

Question 18

T Test

Answer 18

Inferential Statistical procedure for estimating a population mean or comparing two means when the population is normally distributed and the population variance is not known.

Question 19

ANOVA

Answer 19

Analysis of variance - inferential statistical procedure used to test equality of means between two or more populations by analyzing sample variances.

Question 20

Sensitivity

Answer 20

Percentage of people who test positive for a specific disease among a group of people who have the disease.

Question 21

Specificity

Answer 21

Percentage of people who test negative for a specific disease among a group of people who do not have the disease

Question 22

SpPin

Answer 22

High specificity, positive result: rules in disease

Question 23

SnNout

Answer 23

High sensitivity, negative result: rules out disease