Research Flashcards
Research
Any organized investigation with the main purpose to find out if a hypothesis is true or false
Importance of Research
- Increase of knowledge
- Learn writing skills
- Scholarship (in some colleges)
Purpose of a research project
To find out if the hypothesis is true or false
Importance of keeping the same idea during your research paper
- To not to deviate
- The research paper will have a structure
- Coherence
- To have a logic
- To be able to prove at the end if the hypothesis was true or false
A research paper is composed of (9)
- A front page
- Index
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methodology
- Analysis
- Conclusion
- References
- Appendix
Citing sources according to HARVARD
-Book:
Author’s Surname, (year of publication) title of the book, edition, place of publication, publisher.
-Internet
Author’s surname or name of the organization, (year of publication) title of the document. Available from: http://www………., (last accessed date 00/00/0000)
Primary Sources
Done by yourself.
Interview, survey/questionnaire, focus group, Delphi Technique, observation, laboratory experiments
Secondary Sources
Done by someone else. Used to support your primary sources.
Internet, books, encyclopedia, research papers, magazines, newspapers
Parts of an Introduction
- A statistic, anecdote. Something attractive to introduce the topic
- Hypothesis and why the researcher is interested in writing about that
- Definition of the main words from the hypothesis
- Explanation of the source to be used
- Explanation of the source to be used
- Explanation of the source to be used
- Expectations of the research paper
Hypothesis
proposed explanation for a phenomenon.
Methodology
systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study, or the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with a branch of knowledge.
Composed of: participants, materials and procedure
Focus group
Form of qualitative research in which a group of people are asked about their perceptions, opinions, beliefs and attitudes towards a product, service, concept, advertisement or idea
Research Design
Encompasses the methodology and procedures employed to conduct scientific research.
Citation
the practice of giving credit to an author by citing his words/ideas within your paper
Observation
Data observed or collected directly from first-hand experience
Format of a research paper
Use of third person at the time of writing; text aligned to the left side; 1.5 space between each line; page numbers at the right bottom of the page; arial or times new roman as font type; size 12.
What is a reliable source?
A source in which you can trust and rely- example: journal, academic articles, reports from the organization, book, encyclopedia.
Why is important to justify-disprove the results from the primary source with secondary sources?
To give validity and credibility to all your comments and conclusions.
Characteristics of a Hypothesis
Narrowed, appealing and researchable
Plagiarism
the act of taking another person’s writing, conversation, song, or even idea and passing it off as your own
Paraphrasing
To write with own words what the author stated
Quotation
the repetition of one expression as part of another one, particularly when the quoted expression is well-known or explicitly attributed by citation to its original source, and it is indicated by (punctuated with) quotation marks.
Probability/Non-probability sample
Probability sample: any person can be chosen randomly for the data research.
Non-probability sample: people should have a common characteristic.- cannot be chosen randomly, must be selected
How do you know is a hypothesis is true or false?
When all the results from the primary source as well as from the secondary source indicate same results – agree between each other
Validity
Is the true representation or the extent to which the value obtained represents the object of interest
Importance of naming a source in the conclusion
To show again the reader that the hypothesis is true or false; this gives validity and credibility to your final conclusion
Importance of combining primary sources with secondary sources
To find o if the results of your primary source (questionnaire) are true or not
the Delphi Technique
A forecasting method based on the results of questionnaires sent to a panel of experts. Several rounds of questionnaires are sent out, and the anonymous responses are aggregated and shared with the group after each round. The experts are allowed to adjust their answers in subsequent rounds. Because multiple rounds of questions are asked and because each member of the panel is told what the group thinks as a whole, the Delphi Method seeks to reach the “correct” response through consensus.
Focus Group
Is a form of qualitative research in which a group of people are asked about their perceptions, opinions, beliefs, and attitudes towards a product, service, concept, advertisement, idea, or packaging. Questions are asked in an interactive group setting where participants are free to talk with other group members
abstract?
a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject or discipline, and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper’s purpose
appendix?
Contains information that is non-essential to understanding of the paper, but may present information that further clarifies a point without burdening the body of the presentation
abstract consist of
a. motivation
b. problem statement
c. approach/methods/procedures
d. results/findings/product
e. conclusions/implications
