Research Flashcards
Qualitative Research Report
qualitative research reports are often written in an informal style and make liberal use of direct verbatim quotations from participants
constant comparison
constant comparison is the continual and simultaneous data collection and analysis that occurs ina qualitative research study
face validity
a subjective decision, made upon cursory examination by subject matter experts, that on the surface a research instrument is an adequate means of obtaining the desired data for a study
correlations
focus on the magnitude or strength and direction of the relationship btwn variables
descriptive and inferential statistics
descriptive statistics organize and summarize numerical data from samples; inferential statistics use data from samples to make inferences about a population
attitude scales
ex Likert scale and the Semantic Differential scale are structured self-report measures designed to learn the attitudes a research subject holds towards a topic being assessed
hypotheses
a prediction of the relationship between two or more variables
research ethics- Belmont Report
the Belmont Report is the commonly known name for a report issued by the US national commission for protection of human subjects of biomedical and behavioral research
HIPAA
passed by us congress in 1996, mostly to protect the privacy of personal health information
bracketing
a critical thinking reflexive method used by phenomenological and some other qualitative researchers to control their own biases
levels of measurement
for statistical measurement to occur, variables need to be turned into numbers or classifications; levels of measurement indicate the precision with which data can be collected and also determine the type of mathematical calculations or statistics that can be done with the data
Unethical Research Studies
Tuskegee Syphillis Study and the Willowbrook Study are two of the most widely known unethical research studies that have been done in the past; they were significant contributions to the recognition of the need for the development of ethical standards and guidelines for research
Random Sampling
aka probability sampling, is done in the quantitative research to ensure that as much as possible the sample is representative of the population from which it was chosen
Phenomenological Research
roots of phenomenological research are in philosophy and to some extent psychology. Phenomenological research describes experiences or phenomena from the point of view of the individuals involved
Control Group
the group of subjects in an experimental research study that is comparable to the experimental group, but does not receive the experimental intervention
Sampling
target pop is the complete set of subjects that are of interest to the researcher due to their having a common characteristic
Computer Databases
databases are electronic compilations or indexes of information
Vulnerable populations-research
certain groups of ppl are considered to be a vulnerable population in terms of research; these are groups that do or may have members who have limited autonomy and cannot therefore give fully informed consent to participate in a study
Theory
a method of perceiving reality
extraneous variable
unplanned part of a research study that has an effect on outcome
Sampling qualitative research
the type of sampling used most often is purposive sampling, this is a nonprobability sampling method wherein participants are carefully sought out and chosen by the researcher
frequency distributions
describes descriptive statistics, a frrequency is the total number of times a variable has a particular value or score
Research process
research design focuses on selecting and developing a design that serves the purpose of the study
Levels of measurement
for statistical measurement to occur, variables need to be turned into numbers or classifications
Literature Review Testing
literature review is done before deciding upon study design
Null hypothesis
predicts that there is no relationship between the variables stated int he hypothesis
qualitative research
focused on discovering the subjective meaninng of an experience to an individual and or group
EBP
problem-solving approach based on using the very best available evidence
Field notes
detailed notes made by the qualitative researcher about the context, environment, and nonverbal behaviors obeserved during data collection
Replication studies
repeat a previous research study
internal and external validity
internal validity refers to the degree to which change in the dependent variable can be definitely attributed only to the independent variable
independent and dependent variables
cause and effect
independent-cause
dependent-effect
questionnaires
can be used as methods for survey research
longitudinal prospective cohort study
follows subjects over a period of time and in the future
