Research

Question 1

Qualitative Research Report

Answer 1

qualitative research reports are often written in an informal style and make liberal use of direct verbatim quotations from participants

Question 2

constant comparison

Answer 2

constant comparison is the continual and simultaneous data collection and analysis that occurs ina qualitative research study

Question 3

face validity

Answer 3

a subjective decision, made upon cursory examination by subject matter experts, that on the surface a research instrument is an adequate means of obtaining the desired data for a study

Question 4

correlations

Answer 4

focus on the magnitude or strength and direction of the relationship btwn variables

Question 5

descriptive and inferential statistics

Answer 5

descriptive statistics organize and summarize numerical data from samples; inferential statistics use data from samples to make inferences about a population

Question 6

attitude scales

Answer 6

ex Likert scale and the Semantic Differential scale are structured self-report measures designed to learn the attitudes a research subject holds towards a topic being assessed

Question 7

hypotheses

Answer 7

a prediction of the relationship between two or more variables

Question 8

research ethics- Belmont Report

Answer 8

the Belmont Report is the commonly known name for a report issued by the US national commission for protection of human subjects of biomedical and behavioral research

Question 9

HIPAA

Answer 9

passed by us congress in 1996, mostly to protect the privacy of personal health information

Question 10

bracketing

Answer 10

a critical thinking reflexive method used by phenomenological and some other qualitative researchers to control their own biases

Question 11

levels of measurement

Answer 11

for statistical measurement to occur, variables need to be turned into numbers or classifications; levels of measurement indicate the precision with which data can be collected and also determine the type of mathematical calculations or statistics that can be done with the data

Question 12

Unethical Research Studies

Answer 12

Tuskegee Syphillis Study and the Willowbrook Study are two of the most widely known unethical research studies that have been done in the past; they were significant contributions to the recognition of the need for the development of ethical standards and guidelines for research

Question 13

Random Sampling

Answer 13

aka probability sampling, is done in the quantitative research to ensure that as much as possible the sample is representative of the population from which it was chosen

Question 14

Phenomenological Research

Answer 14

roots of phenomenological research are in philosophy and to some extent psychology. Phenomenological research describes experiences or phenomena from the point of view of the individuals involved

Question 15

Control Group

Answer 15

the group of subjects in an experimental research study that is comparable to the experimental group, but does not receive the experimental intervention

Question 16

Sampling

Answer 16

target pop is the complete set of subjects that are of interest to the researcher due to their having a common characteristic

Question 17

Computer Databases

Answer 17

databases are electronic compilations or indexes of information

Question 18

Vulnerable populations-research

Answer 18

certain groups of ppl are considered to be a vulnerable population in terms of research; these are groups that do or may have members who have limited autonomy and cannot therefore give fully informed consent to participate in a study

Question 19

Theory

Answer 19

a method of perceiving reality

Question 20

extraneous variable

Answer 20

unplanned part of a research study that has an effect on outcome

Question 21

Sampling qualitative research

Answer 21

the type of sampling used most often is purposive sampling, this is a nonprobability sampling method wherein participants are carefully sought out and chosen by the researcher

Question 22

frequency distributions

Answer 22

describes descriptive statistics, a frrequency is the total number of times a variable has a particular value or score

Question 23

Research process

Answer 23

research design focuses on selecting and developing a design that serves the purpose of the study

Question 24

Levels of measurement

Answer 24

for statistical measurement to occur, variables need to be turned into numbers or classifications

Question 25

Literature Review Testing

Answer 25

literature review is done before deciding upon study design

Question 26

Null hypothesis

Answer 26

predicts that there is no relationship between the variables stated int he hypothesis

Question 27

qualitative research

Answer 27

focused on discovering the subjective meaninng of an experience to an individual and or group

Question 28

EBP

Answer 28

problem-solving approach based on using the very best available evidence

Question 29

Field notes

Answer 29

detailed notes made by the qualitative researcher about the context, environment, and nonverbal behaviors obeserved during data collection

Question 30

Replication studies

Answer 30

repeat a previous research study

Question 31

internal and external validity

Answer 31

internal validity refers to the degree to which change in the dependent variable can be definitely attributed only to the independent variable

Question 32

independent and dependent variables

Answer 32

cause and effect
independent-cause
dependent-effect

Question 33

questionnaires

Answer 33

can be used as methods for survey research

Question 34

longitudinal prospective cohort study

Answer 34

follows subjects over a period of time and in the future