Research 2 Exam

Question 1

idea that focuses on more general things

Answer 1

abstract

Question 2

are statements that are taken for granted or considered true, even though they have not been scientifically tested

Answer 2

assumption

Question 3

is a term that abstractly describe and names an object, idea, or phenomenon, thus providing it with a separate identity or meaning

Answer 3

concept

Question 4

is more comprehensive than a denotative (or dictionary) definition and includes associated meanings the word may have

Answer 4

conceptual definition

Question 5

broadly explains phenomena of interest, expresses assumptions, and reflects philosophical stance

Answer 5

conceptual model

Question 6

refers to realties or actual instances-it focus on the particular, rather than the general

Answer 6

concrete

Question 7

concept that have very general meanings

Answer 7

constructs

Question 8

declares that a given concept exists or that a given relationship between concepts occurs

Answer 8

existence statement

Question 9

abstract, logical structure of meaning, such as a portion of theory, that guides the development of the study, is tested in the study, and enables the researcher to link the findings to nursing’s body of knowledge

Answer 9

framework

Question 10

rudimentary ideas for the framework of a theory or portions of a theory expressed in an introduction or in a literature review in which linkages among variables found in previous studies are discussed

Answer 10

implicit framework

Question 11

used to graphically to show the interrelationships of the concepts and relational statements

Answer 11

map or model

Question 12

are less abstract and narrower in scope than conceptual models. These types do theories focus on answering particular practice questions and often specify such factors as patients health conditions, family situations, and nursing actions

Answer 12

middle range theories

Question 13

is occurrence or a circumstance that is observed, something that impresses the observers as extraordinary, or a thing that appears to and is constructed by the mind

Answer 13

phenomenon (phenomena)

Question 14

is a specific philosophical view held by a person or group of people

Answer 14

philosophical stance

Question 15

are rational intellectual explorations of truth or principles of being, knowledge, or conduct

Answer 15

philosophies

Question 16

are even more specific than the middle range theories. They are designed to theoretically propose specific approaches to particular nursing practice

Answer 16

practice theories

Question 17

(relational statements) can be expressed at various levels of abstraction

Answer 17

propositions

Question 18

clarifies the type of relationship that exists between or among concepts

Answer 18

relational statements

Question 19

theory that has been repeatedly tested through research with valid and reliable methods of measuring each concept and relational statement

Answer 19

scientific theories

Question 20

express claims that are important to the theory

Answer 20

statements

Question 21

theory recognized within a discipline as useful for explain important phenomena

Answer 21

substantive theory

Question 22

theory that is newly proposed, has had minimal exposure to critique by scholars in the discipline, and had undergone little testing

Answer 22

tentative theory

Question 23

is defined as an integrated set of defined concepts and statements that present a view of a phenomenon and can be used to describe, explain, predict, and control that phenomenon

Answer 23

theory

Question 24

at a concrete level these are narrower in their definitions

Answer 24

variables

Question 25

decision tree that provides a set of rules for solving a particular practice problem. Its development usually is based on research evidence and theoretical knowledge

Answer 25

algorithms

Question 26

produced by the conduct and synthesis of numerous, high-quality studies in a health-related area. The best research evidence is generated in that area of health promotion; illness prevention; and the assessment, diagnosis, and management of acute and chronic illnesses

Answer 26

best research evidence

Question 27

patient care guideline that are based on synthesized research findings from meta-analyses, integrative reviews of research, and extensive clinical trials, supported by consensus from recognized national experts, and affirmed but outcomes obtained by clinicians

Answer 27

evidence-based guidelines

Question 28

the conscientious integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patients values and needs in the delivery of high-quality, cost-effective health care

Answer 28

evidence-based practice

Question 29

centers established in 1997 to develop evidence reports and technology assessments on topic relevant to clinical, social science/behavioral, economic, and other healthcare organizations and delivery issues-specifically those that are common, expensive, and/ or significant for the Medicare and Medicaid population

Answer 29

evidence-based practice centers

Question 30

in this model, nurses identify a practice problems, search for the best research evidence to manage the problem in their practice, and use an evidence-based guideline to manage the problem

Answer 30

groves model for implementing evidence-based guidelines in practice

Question 31

review conducted to identify, analyze, and synthesize the result from independent studies to determine the current knowledge (what is known and not known) in a particular area

Answer 31

integrative review of research

Question 32

provides direction for the development of EBP in a clinical agency. In a healthcare system, there are triggers that initiate the need for change and the focus should always be to make changes based on the best research evidence

Answer 32

Iowa model of evidence-based practice

Question 33

performing statically analyses to integrate and synthesize findings from completed studies to determine what is known and not known about a particular research area

Answer 33

meta-analysis

Question 34

format used to formulate a relevant clinical question for a systematic review. Elements include: Population of participants of interest; Intervention needed for practice; Comparisons of interventions to determine the best for practice; and Outcomes needed for practice

Answer 34

PICO format

Question 35

process and product of systematically reviewing and formally integrating the findings from qualitative studies

Answer 35

qualitative research synthesis

Question 36

is the synthesis or summing of the findings across qualitative reports to determine the current knowledge in an area

Answer 36

qualitative meta summary

Question 37

provides a fully integrated, novel description or explanation of a target event or experience verses a summary view of that event or experience

Answer 37

qualitative meta synthesis

Question 38

document providing clearly developed steps for implementing a treatment or intervention in practice that is based on findings from studies

Answer 38

research-based protocols

Question 39

an initial model for research utilization in nursing to promote evidence-based practice for nursing. Provides a comprehensive framework to enhance the use of research evidence by nurses to falicate and EBP

Answer 39

stetler model research utilization to facilitate

Question 40

involves determining the purpose, focus, and potential outcomes of making and evidence based change in a clinical agency

Answer 40

phase 1 preparation

Question 41

the research reports are critically appraised to determine their scientific soundness

Answer 41

phase 2 validation

Question 42

includes 4 parts: (1) substanation of the evidence (2) fit of the evidence with the healthcare setting (3) feasibility of using research finding and (4) concerns with concurrent practice

Answer 42

phase 3 comparative evaluation

Question 43

Happens in phase III, three decisions are possible (1) to use the research evidence (2) to consider using the evidence, and (3) to not use the research evidence

Answer 43

decision-making

Question 44

involves planning for and actual use of the research in evidence practice

Answer 44

phase 4 translation/application

Question 45

is to evaluate the impact of the research-based change of the healthcare agency, personnel and patients

Answer 45

phase 5 evaluation

Question 46

structured, comprehensive synthesis of quantitative and outcomes studies in a particular healthcare area to determine the best research evidence available for expert clinicians to use to promote evidence-based practice

Answer 46

systematic review

Question 47

evolving concept that is defined by the NIH as the translation of basic scientific discoveries into practical applications

Answer 47

translation research

Question 48

a third dimension of the examination of the quality of care

Answer 48

cost

Question 49

concept including many aspects, including physical-physiological function, psychological function, and social function

Answer 49

health

Question 50

important scientific methodology that was developed to examine the end results of patient care. The stragieties used in outcome research are departures form the tradional scientific endeavors and incorporated evaluation research, epidemiology, and economic theory perspectives

Answer 50

outcome research

Question 51

expenses incurred by the patient or family or both that are not reimbursable by the insurance company

Answer 51

out of pocket costs

Question 52

is the major concept of Donabedian’s Theory of Quality Health Care, although he never defines this concept

Answer 52

quality

Question 53

a norm on which quality of care is judged

Answer 53

standard of care

Question 54

the elements of organization and administration that guide the process of care

Answer 54

structure of care