Research

Question 1

Interpretivism

Answer 1

Understand humans in their role
as social actors

Question 2

Pragmatism

Answer 2

If something is a success then it
is good

Question 3

Realism

Answer 3

Objects exist independently of
our will and knowledge

Question 4

Positivism

Answer 4

How reality is

Question 5

Aoccdrnig to a rseearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn’t mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a
wrod are, the only iprmoetnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be at the rghit pclae. The rset can
be a total mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos
not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Amzanig huh?!

What is this?

Answer 5

Hermeneutics

Question 6

Sort with lowest knowledge contribution lowest and go up

Explanation/declarative knowledge Prescriptive/normative knowledge
Evaluation/value knowledge Categorical/descriptive knowledge

Answer 6

Prescriptive/normative knowledge
Evaluation/value knowledge
Explanation/declarative knowledge
Categorical/descriptive knowledge

Question 7

Which bias is this?
Participants are more prone to agree than to disagree

Answer 7

Confirmation bias

Question 8

Which bias is this?
Question order may impact participants answers

Answer 8

Question order bias

Question 9

Which bias is this?
Participants gets fatigued and stop answering properly

Answer 9

Survey fatigue bias

Question 10

Which bias is this?
Bias is introduced when participants are forced to make a selection because they don’t agree with any answer option

Answer 10

Forced choice

Question 11

Statistical concept
Categorical data

Answer 11

Nominal

Question 12

Statistical concept
Ordered or ranked data with undefined distance
between steps

Answer 12

Ordinal

Question 13

Statistical concept
Ordered data with equal distance between steps
(defined 0)

Answer 13

Ratio

Question 14

Statistical concept
Ordered data with equal distance between steps
(no defined 0)

Answer 14

Interval

Question 15

A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable

Answer 15

An independent variable

Question 16

Variable that comes between an independent variable and a dependent variable

Answer 16

Intervening variable

Question 17

Strengths of focus groups

Answer 17

They can generate a collective perspective

They allow access to a wide range of participants

Discussion allows for the validation of ideas and views

Question 18

Implicit knowledge

Answer 18

Informal
Uncodified
Values, norms, culture

Question 19

Interview-favored approach

Answer 19

It is important to ask supplementary questions

Respondents have difficulty with written language

There is a need for highly personalized data

Question 20

Explicit knowledge

Answer 20

Formal
Codified
Databases
Books, journals
Documents: Reports, policies, manuals

Question 21

Describe “random sampling” + pros & cons

Answer 21

Give everyone an equal chance of being selected by sampling at random
+Gold standard
-But expensive and often infeasible

Question 22

Describe “ stratified sampling” + pros & cons

Answer 22

Split population by ex. age, gender etc
Random sample is drawn from each subpopulation
+Ensures greater spread over the population

Question 23

Describe “ convenience sampling” + pros & cons

Answer 23

Accidental or opportunity sampling
Recruiting participants close at hand
Includes asking friends, using social media etc
-We cannot know how representative the sample is of the target population

Question 24

Descriptive statistics

Answer 24

How we describe data

Question 25

What is one implication of the data level?

Answer 25

It determines what statistical procedures we can use

Question 26

What is p-hacking?

Answer 26

Adapting the p-value to your results

Question 27

Induvctive research

Answer 27

"The way of discovery", observing patterns to build theory