Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal System > Rerproduction and Embryology > Flashcards

Rerproduction and Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

One lobe of the kidney

A

consists of one medullary pyramid together with the associated cortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The region of the kidney containing glomeruli is called the

A

cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The region of the kidney containing proximal convoluted tubules is called the

A

cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The region of the kidney containing long loops of Henle is called the

A

medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The region of the kidney containing distal convoluted tubules is called the

A

cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The region of the kidney containing larger collecting ducts is called the

A

medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Regions of cortical parenchyma located between medullary pyramids rather than adjacent to the surface of the kidney are called:

A

columns of Bertin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Regions of cortex with texture similar to that of the medulla, containing straight distal tubules and collecting ducts, are called:

A

medullary rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A region of cortex surrounding and drained by a single bundle of collecting ducts is called a:

A

renal lobule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The end of each medullary pyramid through which collecting ducts open into a calyx is called a:

A

papilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The tip of each papilla, perforated by the openings of collecting ducts, is called the

A

area cribosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The space into which one medullary pyramid drains is called one:

A

calyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The large space lined by transitional epithelium which funnels urine into the ureter is called the:

A

pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The capsule of the kidney consists of:

A

dense fibrous connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The region of the kidney where artery, vein and ureter are attached is called the:

A

hilus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A principal function for the glomerulus is:

A

filtration of blood from capillaries into urinary space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The renal sinus, a space within the hilus that surrounds the renal pelvis, is filled with:

A

loose adipose connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A principle function for the proximal convoluted tubule is:

A

active resorption of nutrients from ultrafiltrate back into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A principal function for the juxtaglomerular apparatus is:

A

regluation of plasma volume and blood pressure through renin secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A principal function for the loop of Henle is:

A

establishment of the medullary concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A principal function for the distal convoluted tubule is:

A

volume reduction of tubular fluid, with ions pumped from lumen into interstitium followed by diffusion of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fluid which is transported from the lumen of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules into the cortical interstium is take up by the:

A

peritubular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A principle function for the collecting duct is:

A

regulated passive resorption of water through the medullary concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the capillary tuft is attached is called the:

A

vascular pole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The region of glomerulus (renal corpuscle) where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the:

A

urinary (tubular) pole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The lumen of glomerular capillaries is lined by:

A

fenestrated endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Interstitial cells located in matrix between glomerular capillaries are called:

A

mesangial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Glomerular capillaries are supported on the outside (adjacent to the urinary space) by:

A

podocyte foot processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Smooth muscle cells of renal arterioles which are modified for endocrine secretion are called:

A

juxtaglomerular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The outer lining of Bowman’s capsule (the parietal epithelilum) consists of a single layer of:

A

squamous cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Filtration slits are located between adjacent:

A

podocyte foot processes

32
Q

Podoctyes are:

A

unique epithelial cells with many interdigitating processes

33
Q

Mesangial cells are:

A

not epithelial cells

34
Q

The normal thickness of the glomerular basement membrane is between:

A

0.3 and 0.35 micrometres

35
Q

A basement membrane is also found beneath which of the following epithelia?

A

bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, macula densa.

36
Q

The component of the glomerular filtration barrier which is permeable to water and small molecules but not larger molecules like proteins is the:

A

glomerular basement membrane

37
Q

The component of the glomerular filtration barrier which holds back blood cells but allows fluid and large molecules to pass freely is the:

A

festrated endothelium

38
Q

Extraglomerular mesangial cells (lacis cells) are located:

A

at the vascular pole of the glomerulus

39
Q

Epithelial cells lining the proximal convoluted tubule:

A

have basal infoldings and interdigitations with adjacent cells for increased basal membrane surface area.

have many mitochondria to provide energy for active transport against a concentration gradient .

are cuboidal.

40
Q

Epithelial cells lining the distal convoluted tubule:

A

several times longer than the distal convoluted tubule

41
Q

The proximal convoluted tutble is:

A

several times longer than the distal convoluted tubule

42
Q

Epithelial cells lining the thin limb of the loop of Henle:

A

are simple squamous

43
Q

Epithelial cells lining collecting ducts:

A

stain less intensely with H & E than those lining proximal or distal tubules.

often display distinct intercellular boundaries, unlike those lining proximal or distal tubules.

regulate their permeability to water in response to antiduretic hormone concentration.

are simple cuboidal.

44
Q

The macula densa consists of:

A

closely-packed nuclei in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule

45
Q

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete

A

renin

46
Q

Arteries which form arches along the border between the cortex and the medulla od the kidney are called

A

arcuate arteries

47
Q

Arteries which extend into the renal cortex, usually perpendicular to its surface, are called

A

interlobular arteries

48
Q

Bundles of parallel vessels which extend into the medullar are called

A

vasa recta

49
Q

Vessels which connect interlobular arteries with golimerular capillaries are called

A

afferent arterioles

50
Q

Vessels which connect glomerular capillaries with pertubular capillaries are called

A

efferent arterioles

51
Q

Vessels which surround proximal and distal convoluted tubules, receiving reabsorbed water and nutrients, are called:

A

peritubular capillaries

52
Q

The volume of blood will decrease while passing through the

A

glomerular capillaries

53
Q

The volumar of blood increases while passing through the

A

peritubular capillaries

54
Q

Vessels which form a counter-current exchange, to maintain an osmotic gradient established by long loops of Henle, are called

A

vasa recta

55
Q

Interstitial fluid in the kidney remains essentially iso-osmotic with blood in each of the following regions:

A

cortex, surrounding proximal convoluted tubules.

cortex, surrounding distal convoluted tubules.

cortex, within the glomerular mesangium.

cortex, surrounding Bowman’s capsule.

56
Q

Interstitial oxygen concentration is lowest in which of the following regions ?

A

inner medullar, in the papillae

57
Q

The essential function for the medullary concentration gradient is to permit the

A

passive resorption of water from tubular fluid

58
Q

The volume of tubular fluid decreases as it passes through which of the following?

A

proximal convoluted tubule.

loop of Henle.

distal convoluted tubule.

collecting duct.

59
Q

Which segment of the nephron functions to concentrate tubular fluid by passive resorption of water as it passes through as osmotic concentration gradient

A

collecting duct

60
Q

Which segment of the nephron functions to filter fluid from blood into urinary space?

A

glomerulus

61
Q

Which segment of the nephron functions to reduce tubular fluif volume by pumping ions (which are followed by water) into the interstitium?

A

distal convuluted tubule

62
Q

Which segment of the nephron functions to establish a medullary concentration gradient?

A

loop of Henle

63
Q

Which segment of the nephron functions by active resporption of nutrients from ultrafiltrate back into blood?

A

proximal convoluted tubule

64
Q

Which segment of the nephrone functions to regulate blood pressyre through renin secretion?

A

juxtaglomerular apparatus

65
Q

Which cells respong to aldosterone?

A

epithelial cells of distal tubules

66
Q

Which cells respnd to antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

A

Epithelial cells of collecting duct

67
Q

Which cells secrete a product which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin?

A

juxtaglomerular cells

68
Q

Which cells secrete angiotensinogen?

A

hepatocytes

69
Q

The volume of tubular fluid is greatest as it leaves which of the following?

A

Bowman’s space

70
Q

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialised with an apical brush border of microvilli?

A

proximal convoluted tubule epithelium

71
Q

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialised with basal membrane folds closely associated with many mitochondria?

A

proximal and distal convoluted tubule epithelium

72
Q

Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous without apparent structual specialisation?

A

Bowman’s capsule epithelium

73
Q

Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with folds of thickened plasma membrane, and including many apical vesicles lined by similar membrane, which may permit rapid expansion of the cells’ surface when stretched?

A

transitional epithelium

74
Q

Interstitial cells within the renal glomerulus, whose functions are uncertain but may include phagocytosis and maintenance of the glomerular basement membrane, are the:

A

mesangial cells

75
Q

Transitional epithelium lines all of the following:

A

renal pelvis.

ureter.

bladder.

proximal urethra.

Renal System (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions