Requirements of Bidding and Construction - General Requirements Flashcards
One of the most complex industries in human society; the process where in a design is tranlated into the real world in an intangible manner.
Construction
- The art, science, or business of building.
- The process of building from site preparation through erection, assembly and finishing operations.
- The manner in which material are orderes, assembled and united into a whole as frame construction.
Construction
Two parallel line, supported by a frame, filled with insulation, covered with wallboard and then finished with paint.
Wall
A temporary endevour undetaken to create a unique product, service or result.
Project
Four major standpoint to study construction.
As an Industry
As a Business
As a Science
Building System
The three key player in construction.
Client
Contractor
Consultant
Tradition procurement:
Design
Bidding/Tender
Build
Four major project considerations:
Site
Program
Schedule
Budget
The geographical venue of a project; location of a structure or group of structure.
Site
- The determine need of the users that will guide for the design process.
- Desired list of spaces, rooms and elements as well as their sizes for used in designing a building.
Program
The sequence, duration of works to be done in order to complete the project.
Schedule
The financial allocation for the project.
Budget
Budget Composition (Hard Cost)
Construction
Fixtures
Furniture
Equipment
Budget Composition (Soft Cost)
Design/Consultancy Fees
Project Management Fees
Permit Fees
Insurance
Contigencies
Allocoted budget for unforseen or other possible changes in the design or construction of a project.
Contingencies
Types of Contigencies
Design Contigencies
Construction Contingencies
Owner Contingencies
Escalation
Money for design changes that may be needed in the design in order to accomodate new project requirements.
Design Contingencies
Money that may be needed to pay for unforseen work or materials necessary to complete construction work.
Construction Contigencies
Money allocated by owner to possible fund additional work or materials during course of the project.
Owner Contingencies
Money that may be needed to pay for significant increase in construction cost particularly cost of materials.
Escalation
Written information that clarifies or modifies the bidding documents, often issued during the bidding process.
Addendum
Additional design or material option added to the construction documents and or specification to obtain multiple cost estimates for the project.
Alternate
Imply added material and cost.
Add-Alternate
Imply of rsoval of certain element to lower the project costs as necessary.
Deduct-Alternate
What is ANSI?
American National Standard Institute
Also known as “record drawing”, contract drawing that have been marked up to reflected any changes to a project during construction.
As-Built Drawings
A proposal or a price, contractors are asked to sumbit their estinates as to the time and the costs of the project.
Bid
Written documents issued by the appropriate government authority permitting the construction of a specific project in accordance with the drawings and specifications that the authority has approved.
Building Permit
Documents issued by local government agency, stating that the buidling or property meets local standard of occupancy and is in compliance with the public health and building codes.
Certificate of Occupancy
Written document between and signed by owner and contractor authorizing a change in the work or adjustment in the contract sum or length of time.
Change of order
Intensive design process for solving architectural problem qucikly, often undertaken by student of architecture but also employed by professionals in various stages of the design process.
Charrette
Direct construction costs for labor, material, equipments and services as well as overhead and profit.
Construction Cost
Organization and direction of the labor force, materials and equipment to build the project as designed by the architect.
Construction Management
Written agreement giving responsibility for project planning and accomplishment and overall planning, design and construction to a construction management firm or individual, called the CM “Construction Manager”
Construction Management Contract
Hired by the owner or the architect to provide information and to advice the project in the area of his or her expertise.
Consultant
Contractual duties and responsibilities of the architect and engineer during a project construction.
Contract Administration
Difference between the orginal contract price and the final completed cost, including all change order adjustment.
Contract Over or Under Run
Licensed individual or company that agrees and perform the work as specified with the appropriate labor, equipment and materials.
Contractor
Date certified by the architect when the work is to be completed.
Date of Substantial Completion
Arrangement wherein a contractor bids or negotiates to provide design and construction services for the entire project.
Design-Build Construction
Calculation of the amount of materials, labor and equipment needed to complete a given project.
Estimating
Method of construction management in which construction works begins before completion of the construction documents, resulting in a continuous design-construction situation.
Fast-Track Construction
Movable furniture, fixtures or equipment that do not require permanent connection to the structure or utilities of a building.
FF&E
Written order calling for clarification or minor change in the construction and not involving any adjustment to the terms of contract.
Field Order
Licensed individual or company with prime responsibility for the work.
General Contractor
Expenses that are not changeable to a specific project or task such as overhead.
Indirect Cost
What is NIBS?
National Institiue of Building Sciences
Written contract between the architect and client for professional architectural services.
Owner-Architect Agreement
Cetral idea governing and organizing a work of architecture, from the French “Partir” to depart with the intention of going somewhere.
Parti
Line diagram showing proposed and actual starting completion timeline in a project.
Progress Schedule
All cost for a specific project including those for land, professionals, construction finishing, fixtures, equipment, financing and any other project related expenses.
Project Cost
Written list of names and addresses of all parties involve in a project, including the owner, architect, engineer and contractor.
Project Directory
Qualified individual or firm authorized by the owner to be responsible for coordinating time, equipment, money, task and people for all portions of a project.
Project Manager
Detailed written specifications describing construction materials and methods.
Project Manual
Written request from a contractor to the owner or architect fo clarification of the contract documents.
Request for Information “RFI”
Written request to a contractor, architect or subcontractor for an estimate or cost proposal.
Request for Proposal “RFP”
Plan for performing work also a chart or table within the drawing set.
Schedule
Chart, diagram or outlime of a system being proposed.
Scheme
Written range of view or action for a specific project.
Scope of Work
- Drawings, diagrams, schedules and other data specifially prepared by the contractor or subcontractor, suncontractor manufacturer, supplier or distributor.
- These drawings show the specific way in which the particular contractor or shop intends to furnish, fabricate, assemble or install it’s product.
Shop Drawings
Expenses in addition to the direct construction cost, including architectural and engineering fees, permit, legal and financing fees, construction interest and operating expenses, leasing and real estate commissions, advertising and promotion and supervision.
Soft Costs
Listing of minimum acceptable ethical. Principals and practices adopt by qualified and recognized professional oragnizations to guide their members in the conduct of specific professional practice.
Standard of Prosessional Practice
Load bearing assembly of beams and columns on a foundation.
Structural System
Specialized contractor who is subordinate to the prime or main contractor.
Subcontractor
Proposed replacement or alternate for a material or process of equivalent costs and quality.
Substitution
Interior improvements of the project after the building envelope os complete.
Tenant Improvements “TIS”
Written agreement wherein payment is based on actual cost for labor equipment, materials and services rendered in addition to overhead.
Time and Materials “T&M”
Process of analyzing the costs versus the value of alternative materials, equipments and systems; usually in the interest of achieving the lowest total costs for a project.
Value Engineering
Restrictions of areas or regions of lands within specific areas based on permitted building size, character and uses as established by governing urban authorities.
Zoning
Document issued by a governing urban authority that permits land to be used for specific purposes.
Zoning permit
