Requirements

Question 1

What are requirements in systems engineering

Answer 1

Needs or wishes that one or more of the stakeholders want the system to fulfill

Question 2

What do the requirements do

Answer 2

Decide behaviour and nature of system an enterprise needs to undertake
It does not talk about its form

Question 3

What are functional requirements

Answer 3

A mandatory requirement (level 0)
The base for the system
Gives information for the system without engieneering, design or solutions
Defines what needs to be accomplished
Specifies behaviour between outputs and inputs
Explains what the system needs to be able to do

Question 4

What are the non-functional requirements (NFR)

Answer 4

PROCID
Performance
Regulatory
Operational
Contraints on the System
Interface
Desirable Non-functional (-ilities)

Question 5

What is the operational NFR

Answer 5

Usually mandatory
How system handles opertaional demands
Describes what systme does without saying about enigeering
Describes hwo end users will use the system
Can be derived from Concept of Operations

Question 6

What are the performance NFR

Answer 6

Define how well and under what conditions a function is to be performed
quantitiative
Verifiable individually

Question 7

What are the regulatory NFR’s

Answer 7

Ensuring compliance with standards like Engineering stadnards, local law, certifiacation authorities, insurance companies, labour agreements, company policy and policies of commerical/religious organisations

Question 8

What are the constraints NFR’s

Answer 8

Physical ( mass, dimensional, colume)
Design (Compatibility with old models, materials, manufacture)
Enviroment (societal, eco)
Cost and schedule (can only be a trade-off)

Question 9

What are the desirable non-funcationl NFR’s

Answer 9

Safety
Quality
Reliability
Upgradability
Repairability
Maintability
Sustainability

Hard to quanitify but can increase desirability

Question 10

What are the interface NFR’s

Answer 10

How the system is requried to interact ith its own system, external systems, environemnt

Question 11

What wording should be used for essential outcomes

Answer 11

Shall

Question 12

What wording should be used for an intended outcome (not formally verified, what system will do when complete)

Answer 12

Will
(could be a statement of fact)

Question 13

What wording should be used for regulatry/legal contraints (has to be met and formally verified)

Answer 13

Must

Question 14

what is the equation for risk

Answer 14

probability x impact

Question 15

What is a QFD house

Answer 15

quality function deployment
Indicates quality monitoring
Links requirements to system features

Question 16

what are the pieces of a QFD house in the horizontal direction

Answer 16

Stakeholder requirements
Rquirement importance (give rating 1-5)
Requirement rating % (importance number/total of importance numbers x100)
relationship matrix (⊙ =9, 0=3, △=1, empty=0)

Question 17

what are the pieces of a QFD house in the vertical direction

Answer 17

Corelation triangle (++,+,empty,-,–)
Desired change (↑↓0)
System features
relationship matrix
Importance rating (⊙0 △ x importance number for each column)
Importance % (importance rating/total importance ratins x100)

Question 18

What wording should be used for allowable outcomes

Answer 18

may

Question 19

What wording should be used for expected outcomes

Answer 19

should

Question 20

Where do requirements come from

Answer 20

Textural analysis (request for proposal, contract, meeting minutes, interviews with stakeholders/stakeholder reps)
Expanded request for proposal
Requirements captures
Use cases
CONOPS

Question 21

What is requirement creep and how can you stop it

Answer 21

When stakeholders keep asking for more features after requirements have been set

A paper trail and a well managed set of requirements can push back against creep, statement of requriements

Question 22

How can you benefit from requirements

Answer 22

Communication
Costs
System definitons/design

Question 23

What is quality (NFR desirable)

Answer 23

If the system can achieve it’s function

Can improve manufacturing tolerances
Hard to quantify

Question 24

What is reliability (NFR desirable)

Answer 24

The probability that a system functions correctly during a specific time duration
Quantify liklihood of failure and understand behaviours

Question 25

What is usability (NFR desirable)

Answer 25

Concerns the ergonomic and human factors involved in the operation of a systems
Human error analysis (HEA)

Question 26

What is robustness (NFR desirable)

Answer 26

The ability of the system to maintain its performance and deliver the desired function despite changing circumstances

Question 27

What is flexibility (NFR desirable)

Answer 27

A measure of the number of functions a system can perform

Question 28

What is evolvability (NFR desirable)

Answer 28

Measures the capacity of the system to evolve and change its purpose

Question 29

What is extensibility (NFR desirable)

Answer 29

Ability to add new functions over time so that a system can fulfill its original function and a different set of functions

Question 30

What is adapatability (NFR desirable)

Answer 30

The ability of a system to change itself or its environment to meet its goals or adapt to new requirements

Question 31

What is agility (NFR desirable)

Answer 31

The ability of a system to repsond rapidly to change

Question 32

What are logistics (NFR desirables)

Answer 32

ABility to easily transport the system and minimise the quanitity of consumable needed by a system