Required Supreme Court Cases Flashcards
Marbury v. Madison
(1803) Judicial Review
McCulloch v. Maryland
(1819) Federal Gov is supreme over state gov
Schenck v. United States (1919)
(1919) Restriction on First Amendment- “clear and present danger”
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
(1954) Racial segregation is inherently unequal; used 14th amendment’s equal protection clause //// contrary to plessy v ferguson where ‘seperate but equal’ was established;
Baker v. Carr
one man one vote; baker said that due to no redistricting for a long time, people were overrepresented in certain areas compared to others.
Engel v. Vitale
unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools; school can’t force children to pray because it violates the establishment clause of the first amendment.
Gideon v. Wainwright
states are required under the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution to provide an attorney to defendants in criminal cases who are unable to afford their own attorneys.
Tinker v. Des Moines
The Tinker test, also known as the “substantial disruption” test, is still used by courts today to determine whether a school’s interest to prevent disruption infringes upon students’ First Amendment rights. ‘Don’t lose rights at the schoolhouse gate’
New York Times Company v. United States
the question before the court was whether the constitutional freedom of the press, guaranteed by the First Amendment, was subordinate to a claimed need of the executive branch of government to maintain the secrecy of information. The Supreme Court ruled that the First Amendment did protect the right of The New York Times to print the materials. Prior restraint is severely limited.
Wisconsin v. Yoder
Amish children could not be placed under compulsory education past 8th grade. The parents’ fundamental right to freedom of religion was determined to outweigh the state’s interest in educating its children
Roe v. Wade
a right to privacy under the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment extended to a woman’s decision to have an abortion, but that this right must be balanced against the state’s interests in regulating abortions: protecting women’s health and protecting the potentiality of human life
Shaw v. Reno
redistricting based on race must be held to a standard of strict scrutiny under the equal protection clause.
United States v. Lopez
The Supreme Court held that the federal Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, which banned possession of handguns near schools, was unconstitutional because it did not have a substantial impact on interstate commerce.
McDonald v. Chicago
the Second Amendment was incorporated under the Fourteenth Amendment thus protecting those rights from infringement by state and local governments; incorporation
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
the free speech clause of the First Amendment to the Constitution prohibits the government from restricting independent expenditures for communications by nonprofit corporations, for-profit corporations, labor unions, and other associations; corporations are people.
