Required Recall Flashcards
State the seven base quantities
Mass, Time, Distance, Amount of substance, Luminous Intensity, Current, Temperature
State the seven base quantities units
kg, seconds, metres, moles, candela, amps, kelvin
State the prefixes for all measurements lowest to highest
Pico - x10^-12 Micro - x10^-9 Nano - x10^-6 Milli - x10^-3 Kilo - x10^3 Mega - x10^6 Giga - x10^9 Tera - x10^12
What are the equations for area of a 2d shape
Square - baseheight
Triangle - 0.5baseheight
Circle - piradius^2
What are the equations for surface area of a 3d shape
Sphere - 4piradius^2
Cylinder - (2piradiusheight) + (2piradius^2)
Rectangular Block - 2(widthlength+heightlength+heightwidth)
What are the equations for volume
Rectangular Block - widthheightlength
Sphere - 4/3piradius^3
Cylinder - piradius^2height
What is the equation for circumference
2piradius
What is a scalar quantity? Give examples
A scalar quantity has magnitude
Speed, time, distance
What is a vector quantity? Give examples
A vector quantity has both direction and magnitude
Velocity, acceleration, displacement
What does the gradient represent on a distance-time graph? What does the area represent?
The gradient is the speed of the object and the area represents nothing
What does the gradient represent on a velocity-time graph? What does the area represent?
The gradient is the acceleration of the object and the area is the displacement
What does the gradient represent on a acceleration-time graph? What does the area represent?
The area is the velocity and the gradient is nothing
What is Newtons first Law of Motion
An object in motion stays in motion and an object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force
What is Newtons second Law of Motion
F=ma
What is Newtons third Law of Motion
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
What is an interaction pair
A force pair where force is exerted by an object and an equal force is exerted back onto the object e.g Pushing a block, force is exerted by the hand on the block but an equal and opposite force is exerted back onto the hand by the block
What is the law of conservation of linear momentum
The total momentum before a collision must be the same after a collision (providing no external force is applied during the collision)
What is the moment of a force
The moment is the turning effect of a force
What is the principle of energy conservation
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only conserved
What is the definition of current
The rate of flow of electric charge
What is the definition of the electromotive force
The amount of energy supplied by a source to a coulomb of charge
Under what conditions does Stokes Law apply
Constant temperature, low speed, laminar flow
What is the relationship between upthrust and displaced fluid
Upthrust is equal to the weight of fluid displaced
What is the limit of proportionality
The point that up until reached, Hooke’s law applies
What is the elastic limit
The point that once passed an object will no longer return to its original shape
What is the yield point
The point at which the object will no longer attempt to return to it’s original shape and will increase in size without any force being applied
What is elastic deformation
Where the material will not return to its original shape when the deforming force is removed
What is plastic deformation
Where the material will return to its original shape when the deforming force is removed
What is the gradient of a force-extension graph? What is the area?
Gradient is spring constant and the area is work done
What is the definition of a transverse wave
The propagation of the wave is perpendicular to the oscillations
What is the definition of a longitudinal wave
The propagation of the wave is parallel to the oscillations
What is amplitude
The displacement from a point on a wave to the centre of the wave
What is a wave front
The front of a wave
What is coherence
Waves with a constant phase relationship and frequency
What is path difference
The difference in the length of the paths that two waves take
What is superposition
Two or more waves meeting; displacement is sum of individual displacements.
What is interference
Where waves collide and superposition occurs
What is phase
The position within a cycle that a given point occupies, relative to the onset of the cycle.
What is a standing/stationary wave
The wave profile does not move - it appears to be stationary. Nodes have zero displacement, whereas antinodes reach max displacement.
What are real and virtual images
Real images are formed when light rays actually meet on a screen (or at a detector).
Virtual images are produced when the light rays appear to meet on the other side of the lens
What is plane polarisation and give examples of its use
Oscillations of an electromagnetic wave in one direction only which is perpendicular to direction of propagation/energy transfer.
Identification and analysis of optically active chemicals Liquid crystal displays Sunglasses and snow goggles TV and radio signals 3D film glasses
What is diffraction
When a wave changes direction when passing through a gap
