Required Practicals Flashcards
Making soluble salt
1) start with a fixed volume of dilute sulfuric acid which is the limiting reactant
2)gently heat until almost boiling
3) use a spatula to add small amounts of copper oxide/carbonate to the acid and stir with a glass rod until it disappears
4) stir solution with a glass rod until the copper oxide/carbonate reacts and seems to disappear
5) keep adding small amounts until it remains after you have stirred
6)Filtrate the solution to remove any unreacted copper oxide
7)Place solution in an evaporating basin and heat gently over a beaker of boiling water
8) heat until half of the solution remains
9) leave in a cool place for 24 hours for crystals to form
10) scrape onto paper towel and pat dry
Carrying out titration
1) using a pipette transfer 25cm of sodium hydroxide into a conical flask
2)Add 5 drops of indicator to the alkali in the conical flask
3)place on a white tile so we can see the colour change more clearly
4)fill a burette with sulfuric acid
5) once we see a colour change begin to add acid drop by drop occasionally swirling the flask to ensure they are mixing until the solution is neutralised
6)read the volume of acid added from the burette
Electrolysis
1) pour 50cm of copper (11) chloride solution into a beaker
2) place a plastic Petri dish over the beaker. It should have 2 holes
3) insert a carbon graphite rod into each hole ( these are the electrodes so they should not touch)
4)attach crocodile leads to the rods and connect these to a low-voltage power supply
5) copper will be discharged at the cathode and chlorine produced at the anode
6) repeat with sodium chloride solution
7) hydrogen is produced at the cathode and chlorine at the anode
Temperature changes
1) pour 30cm of hydrochloric acid into a polystyrene cup
2) stand the cup in a beaker to stop it falling
3) measure and record the temperature of acid
4) pour 5cm of sodium hydroxide solution into the polystyrene cup
5) fit a plastic lid and place a thermometer through it. The bulb of thermometer must be in solution. Gently stir with thermometer
6) record the highest temperature reached
7) repeat the experiment each time increasing the volume of sodium hydroxide by 5cm until you reach 40cm. Repeat again for 2 sets of results and calculate a mean.
