Republic of Rome - Test 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Aedile
A
- Responsible for maintenance of public buildings and regulation of public festivals
- 2 types: Plebian and Curule
2
Q
Assidui
A
- Citizens who were liable for military service in the main line of battle
- Latin for diligent, loyal
- Part of the first 5 census classes created under Servius Tullius
3
Q
Augur
A
-A priest who interpreted the will of the gods by studying the flight of birds
4
Q
Auspices
A
-When an Augur is interpreting omens from observed flights of birds, this is referred to as “taking the auspices”
5
Q
Biennium
A
-A period of two years
6
Q
Censor
A
-Responsible for maintaining census, supervising public morality, and overseeing certain aspects of the government’s finances
7
Q
Century
A
- Centurions commanded centuries of troops
- developed under the Servian reforms
- Could contain 200 to 1000 men
8
Q
Client
A
- Patron was the protector, sponsor, and benefactor to client
- the patron helped and did favors for his clients because his wealth enabled him too
9
Q
Client
A
- Patron was the protector, sponsor, and benefactor to client
- the patron helped and did favors for his clients because his wealth enabled him too
10
Q
Comitia Centuriata
A
- Ancient Roman military assembly
- It decided on war and peace, passed laws, elected consuls, praetors, and censors, and considered appeals of capital convictions
- Included Plebeians and Patricians
11
Q
Comitia Tributa
A
- “The tribal assembly” was an assembly consisting of all Roman citizens convened by the tribes
- Citizens organized in 35 tribes (4 Urban, 31 Rural)
- Tribes voted on legislative, judicial, and electoral matters
12
Q
Concilium Plebis
A
- Plebeian Council was the principal popular assembly of the ancient Roman Republic
- Legislative assembly, through which the plebeians could pass laws, elect magistrates, and try judicial cases
13
Q
Contio
A
-A public meeting convened by a magistrate
14
Q
Consul
A
- highest elected political office in the Roman Republic
- pinnacle office that could be achieved through the Cursus Honorum
- Two consuls elected each year serving a 1 year term
- Consuls alternated holding imperium each month
15
Q
Curule Office
A
- Were entitled by the virtue of their office to sit in the Curule Chair
- Dictator, Censor, Consul, Praetor, Curule Aedile
16
Q
Dictator
A
- Chief Magistrate in Rome
- Entrusted with full authority of the state to deal with a military emergency or undertake a specific duty
- Had to resign once his task was complete
17
Q
Fasces
A
- A set of rods bound in the form of a bundle which contained an axe
- Lictors of a magistrate carried fasces
18
Q
Fetiales
A
- Priests in Ancient Rome devoted to Jupiter as the patron of good faith
- Advised the Senate on foreign affairs and international treaties, making formal proclamations of peace and war, and confirming treaties
19
Q
Fides
A
- Meant reliability, a sense of trust between two parties if a relationship was to exist
- Fides was a goddess of good faith
20
Q
Flamines
A
- Preist assigned to one of fifteen deities with official cults during the Roman Republic
- Flamines Maiores and Flamines Minores
21
Q
Haruspex (p. Haruspices)
A
- A person trained to inspect the organs of sacrificed animals
- Usually sheep or poultry
22
Q
Intercessio (veto)
A
-A political veto of a magistrate against the actions of any other magistrate of inferior power
23
Q
Iudex (judge)
A
- A man who declared the law
- Can refer to a single judge, a bench of judges, and the court as an institution
24
Q
Iurisconsulti (law experts)
A
- A class of specialist who were learned in the law
- Wealthy amateurs who dabbled in law as an intellectual hobby
25
Ius Civile
-Roman Law
26
Ius Civile
-Roman Civil Law that applied only to citizens
27
Ius Honorarium
-Law developed in edicts and issued by praetors aiding, supplementing, or amending existing rules or procedures of the ius civile
28
Legate
- General of the Roman army
| - Outranked all military tribunes
29
Legate
- General of the Roman army
- Outranked all military tribunes
- Proconsul was his immediate superior
30
Lictor
- servant to magistrates that held imperium
| - held fasces
31
Master of the Horse
- appointed and dismissed by the Dictator
| - Served as the dictators first lieutenant
32
Military Tribune
- Officer in the Roman army who ranked below the legate and above the centurion
- Usually young men of equestrian rank
33
Mos Maiorum
- Ancestral custom or "Way of the Elders"
| - Unwritten code where Romans developed their social norms
34
Municipium/Municipia
-community incorporated into the Roman state after the dissolution of the Latin League
35
Nobiles/Noble
-A social rank achieved if a member of the family achieved consulship
36
Novus Homo (New Man)
-First in family to serve in the Roman Senate, or more specifically, to be elected as consul
37
Quaestor
- Lowest ranking regular magistrate in Rome
| - Traditional responsibility was the treasury
38
Patrician
-Ruling class families in Ancient Rome
39
Patron
- Patron was the protector, sponsor, and benefactor to client
- the patron helped and did favors for his clients because his wealth enabled him too
40
Plebeian
-Everyone who wasn't in the wealthy Patrician class
41
Pontifex
-Member of a council of priests in Ancient Rome
42
Pontifex Maximus
-"Greatest Pontiff" was the high priest of the College of Pontiffs
43
Praetor
-Either a commander of an army or an elected magistrate
44
Praetor Peregrinus
-"The praetor who administers justice among foreigners"
45
Praetor Urbanus
- Presided in Civil cases between citizens
| - In the absence of Consuls, he was the Senior Magistrate in the city
46
Praetor Urbanus
- Presided in Civil cases between citizens within Rome
| - In the absence of Consuls, he was the Senior Magistrate in the city
47
Praetor's Edict
-An annual declaration of principles made by the new Praetor urbanus
48
Proconsul
-A consul whose powers had been extended for a definite period after his regular term of one year
49
Propraetor
-Held all the powers of a praetor but his term in office was prolonged
50
Prorogation
-Time between legislative sessions
51
Province
-The largest territorial and administrative unit of the Empire's territorial possessions
52
Provocatio
-The right to appeal a decision of a magistrate that had a direct negative impact upon that citizen
53
Sacrosanctity
-The declaration of physical inviolability of a temple, a sacred object, or a person through the lex sacrata
54
Senate
-self-explanatory
55
Sibylline Books
-Collection of oracular utterances that were consulted during crises
56
Tribune of the Plebs
- First office of the Roman state open to the Plebeians
| - Most important check on the power of Roman Senate and magistrates
57
Triumph
-Civil ceremony and religious rite of ancient Rome, held to celebrate the success of a military commander
58
Vestal Virgin
- Priestesses of Vesta, goddess of the hearth
| - Sacred fire couldn't go out
