Reptiles, Birds, Non-Hominin Mammals Flashcards
Amniotes
“Tetrapods with extraembryonic membranes” -> adaption to dessication
Most primitive ancestor of the Amniotes
Reptilia (300 mya)
Reptiles and birds evolved from diapsid ancestor (skull with two holes + eye hole)
What phylum
Phylum Chordata
Order Squamata
snakes & lizards
Order Crocodilla
alligators, caimans, crocodiles
Order Testudines
turtles & tortoises
Tuataras
similar to common ancestor between snakes & lizards
Birds
“reptiles by a different name”
Class Aves (150 mya)
Ancestor: Archeopterix
How do birds minimize their energy for flight?
weight reduction
Class Aves characteristics
Endothermy: warm blooded, uses more energy
4 chambered heart: supports higher metabolism for flight
Order Falconiformes
hawks & falcons
Order Strigiformes
owls
Order Passeriformes
perching birds
What ancestor did Non-Hominin Mammals evolve from?
Synapsid ancestor: jaw bones evolve into bones of middle ear in modern mammals
Quintessential characteristics of mammals
•milk, hair
•endothermy (warm blooded)
•4 chambered heart
•heterodontic dentition (incisors, canines, molars)
Order Monotremata
hair, milk, eggs
platypus
Order Marsupialia
uses pouch to carry baby
Order Proboscidea
elephants
Order Sirenia
manatees, dugongs
Order Lagomorpha
rabbits, hares
Order Rodentia
rats, squirrels
Order Carnivora
dogs, cats, bears
Order Cetartiodactyla
sheep, pigs, deer
Order Cetaceans
dolphin, whale
