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PCM Midterm Spring 2020 > Reproductive Topics > Flashcards

Reproductive Topics Flashcards

1
Q

Gonadarche

A

-activation by FSH and LH

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2
Q

Adrenarche

A

-increase in androgen hormone

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3
Q

Thelarche

A

-development of breast tissue due to estrogen

occurs 8-13 years old

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4
Q

Menarche

A

first menstrual cycle

-usually starts at breast stages 3 or 4

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5
Q

Spermarche

A

first sperm production

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6
Q

Pubarche

A

pubic hair development

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7
Q

Puberty

A

females 10-14 yrs old with menarche 2 years after start of puberty
-males 11-16 yrs old

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8
Q

Tanner Stages Boys

A

Stage 1: Prepubertal
Stage 2: enlargement of testes and scrotum, skin reddens and changes texture
Stage 3: enlargement of penis and further testes growth
Stage 4: Increased size of penis with growth in breadth and development of glands
Stage 5: Adult genitalia

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9
Q

Tanner Stages Girls

A

Stage 1: Prepubertal
Stage 2: breast bud enlarges with elevation of breast and papillae
Stage 3: enlargement of breast and areola, no separation of contour
Stage 4: Areola and papilla form secondary mound above level of breast
Stage 5: Mature-projection of papilla only

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10
Q

Tanner Stages Girls and Boys-Pubic Hair

A

Stage 1: prepubertal
Stage 2: sparse growth of long slightly pigmented hair
Stage 3: Darker coarser more curled hair
Stage 4: Hair adult type but covers smaller area
Stage 5: Adult in type and quantity

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11
Q

OB/GYN History

A

Menstrual History: age of menarche, duration, flow, cycle, LMP
Gynecological History: Breast history, Previous GYN surgery, last pap smear, History of infertility

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12
Q

Obstetrical History

A 
Gravida: # pregnancies
Para: # number of viable births
T-term deliveries >37 wks
P-preterm 20-37 weeks
A-abortion <20 weeks
L-live delivery regardless of gestational age
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13
Q

Pap Smear

A
  • yearly if abnormal
  • every 3 years with consecutively normal pap smears
  • every 5 years with consecutively normal pap smear with negative HPV testing
  • no more with hysterectomy for noncancerous reasons
  • screens for cervical cancer
  • not hereditary
  • sample from cervix (ectocervix) and cervical canal (endocervix), transitional zone (bw original SCJ and new SCJ), and squamocolumnar junction (SCJ)
  • transitional zone most common place for precancerous lesion and cancer
  • abnormal: multi-nucleated obscure cells
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14
Q

Pelvic Exam

A
  1. Inspect internal and external genitalia
  2. Bimanual exam: insert index and middle finger into vagina and lift upwards and use other hand to push downward to examine vagina, uterus, and ovary on R and L side
  3. check for cervical motion tenderness
  4. swab for gonorrhea, chlamydia etc
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15
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy

A

-abdominal or pelvic pain with vaginal bleeding
-may have other pregnancy symptoms
-Complication: hemorrhage, death
-Workup: urine pregnancy, speculum exam, transvaginal ultrasonography if confirmed pregnant
Treatment: surgery

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16
Q

UTI

A
  • dysuria (pain, burning with urination), urinary frequency, urgency
  • escherichia coli most common infector
  • Physical: abdominal exam, Lloyd’s Punch
  • Workup: Urinalysis and pregnancy test (if child bearing age)
  • Antibiotics!
17
Q

Well Man Exam

A

-Prostate, testicular, Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) not recommended routinely
-Unless indicated!
Inspect: scrotum, shaft, glands
Palpate: shaft, scrotum with thumb and first 2 fingers
Retract foreskin
Palpate inguinal region and examine for hernias
Examine prostate by palpation on digital rectal exam

18
Q

Inguinal Hernia

A

-pain with increased intra-abdominal pressure, palpable bulge
Physical exam: invaginating scrotal skin with index finger into inguinal canal and have pt cough
Workup: ultrasound
Treatment: mild hernia-wait moderate to severe-surgery

19
Q

5 P’s of Sexual History

A
  1. Partners
  2. Practices
  3. Prevention of pregnancy
  4. protection from STI and HIV
  5. Past history of STI
20
Q

Conditions considered to be STIs

A
  1. chlamydia
  2. gonorrhea
  3. herpes simplex 2
  4. HPV
  5. Syphilis
  6. Trichomoniasis
21
Q

Gonorrhea

A

-gram neg bacteria
-Men: penile discharge, dysuria or asymptomatic
-Female: pelvic pain, vaginal discharge
Complication: PID and scarring of fallopian tube leading to infertility
Workup: NAATs
Treat: antibiotics and usually also treat for chlamydia and counsel

22
Q

Chlamydia

A

-gram neg bacteria
-Most pt are asymptomatic
-Men: penile discharge, pruritus, dysuria
-Female: vaginal discharge, bleeding, pain during intercourse
can cause other infections
COmplication: PID, fertility issues
Treat: antibiotics and counseling

23
Q

Syphilis

A

-spirochete bacteria
-Primary: chancre
-Secondary: joint pains, fatigue, rash
-Tertiary: neurosyphilis (confusion, HA, stiff neck, vision loss)
Treat: antibiotic penicillin

24
Q

Genital Herpes

A

-virus
-clusters of vesicles on genitalia
persists for life
Complication: meningitis, PID, Hepatitis, risk of HIV
Workup: Serologic test and PCR
Treat: antiviral Acyclovir

25
Q

Trichomonasis

A

-protozoa WITH flagella
-can be asymptomatic
-Men: most asymptomatic with small % penile discharge
-Women: foul smelling thin vaginal discharge, pruritus, dysuria
Workup: wet mount or NAATs
Treatment: Antiprotozoal medication

26
Q

HPV

A
  • virus
  • genital warts
  • most lesions self limited
  • high risk strains can lead to cancer
  • Workup: routine pap smear
  • Treatment: vaccine, routine pap smear, genital wart removal

PCM Midterm Spring 2020 (9 decks)

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