Reproductive Therapy

Question 1

What are the prostaglandins?

Answer 1

Prostamate
Lutalyse
Estrumate
Misoprostol

Question 2

What are the progestagens?

Answer 2

Regu-mate
Altrenogest
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)
Megesterol acetate

Question 3

What are the progesterones?

Answer 3

CIDRs
Synovex
Melengesterol acetate (MGA)

Question 4

What are progesterone antagonists?

Answer 4

Aglepristone

RU486

Question 5

What are the estrogens?

Answer 5

Diethyl-stilbestrol
Estradiol
Estriol (Incurin)

Question 6

What are the anabolics?

Answer 6

Mibolerone (Cheque)

Question 7

What are the GnRH analogs?

Answer 7

Deslorelin acetate (Superlorin F)
Leuprolide acetate for ddepot (LupronDepot)
Deslorelin (Ovuplant, SucroMate, BioRelease)

Question 8

What is the GnRH vaccine

Answer 8

Improvest

Question 9

What is a prolactin inhibitor?

Answer 9

Cabergoline (Galastop)

Question 10

What are the tocolytics?

Answer 10

Terbutaline
Epinephrine
Clenbuterol
Buscopam

Question 11

What are the ecbolics?

Answer 11

Prostaglandins
Ergonovine
Oxytocin

Question 12

What are the clinical uses of prostaglandins?

Answer 12

Pregnancy termination/abortion; terminate diestrus
Short cycling of polyestrous animals
It causes smooth muscle contraction so we can see evacuation of uterine fluid in mares and dogs
Can also work on epididymis in stallions by assisting with spermiostasis and plugged ampullae

Question 13

What are the clinical uses of progestagens (altrenogest)?

Answer 13

Progesterone supplementation in pregnant mares
Blocks behavioral estrus in mares
Decrease libido in stallions/geldings/dogs
Tx for dogs diagnosed with hypoluteism
Impending abortion in mares and dogs

Question 14

What are the clinical uses of medroxyprogesterone acetate?

Answer 14

Long term estrus suppression in dogs- used in racing greyhounds
Behavior modification in mares- does not alter interovulatory interval

Question 15

What are the clinical uses of megesterol acetate?

Answer 15

Estrus suppression in dogs/cats
Pregnancy maintenance in hypoluteism in dogs
Appetite stimulant in cats

Question 16

What are the clinical uses of CIDRs?

Answer 16

Used in estrus synchronization programs in cattle, small ruminants, and horses
Tx of cystic ovarian follicles in cows

Question 17

What are the clinical uses of melengesterol acetate (feed additive)?

Answer 17

Cheaper way to synchronize estrus in cattle

Effective and used commonly in feedlot heifers

Question 18

What are the clinical uses of progesterone antagonists?

Answer 18

This blocks progesterone receptors
Used for pregnancy termination in multiple species
Induction of parturition in some species
Medical management of pyometra

Question 19

What are the clinical uses of estrogens?

Answer 19

Urinary incontinence in dogs responsive to estrogens
Estrus synchronization in mares when combined with progesterone
Estrus synchronization in cattle outside of USA
Estrus induction in dogs
Mismating in dogs

Question 20

What are the cilnical uses of anabolics?

Answer 20

Long term estrus suppression in dogs

Limits endometrium’s exposure to progesterone-may be prevent pyometra

Question 21

What are the clinical uses of GnRH analogs?

Answer 21

Use in ferrets with Cushings

Use in men with prostate disease

Question 22

What are the clinical uses of deslorelin?

Answer 22

Temporarily increases libido followed by down regulation
Ovulation induction in mares
Useful for estrus induction in dogs
Chemical sterilization in dogs
Adrenal tumors in ferrets (so ferrets with cushings)

Question 23

What are the clinical uses of the GnRH vaccine?

Answer 23

Alternative to castrating piglets (immunologically castrated)
Reach mature weight faster, greater feed efficiency, boar taint odor in meat avoided, reduce carbon footprint

Question 24

What are the clinical uses of prolactin inhibitors?

Answer 24

Estrus induction in dogs
Pregnancy termination in dogs/cats
Medical management of pyometra in dogs
Mammary hyperplasia/false pregnancy in dogs/cats

Question 25

What are the clinical uses of anabolic steroids?

Answer 25

Treat pseudocyesis/false pregnancy | Terminate pregnancy

Question 26

What are the estrus suppression options in dogs?

Answer 26

``` Mibolerone Deslorelin Progestogens Medroxyprogesterone acetate Levonorgestrel/ethinylestradiol ```

Question 27

How does mibolerone work?

Answer 27

Negative feedback to the pituitary decreases synthesis and release of LH and FSH

Question 28

How do progestogens work?

Answer 28

Megesterol acetate Act locally to prevent follicular growth, estrogen production and subsequently ovulation LH levels are not altered

Question 29

What are the estrus suppression options in cats?

Answer 29

No approved product in US | Megesterol acetate is used

Question 30

What are the estrus suppression option in horses?

Answer 30

Altrenogest (progestagens)- Medroxyprogesterone acetate

Question 31

How does altrenogest work?

Answer 31

Blocks behavioral estrus in mares | Decreases libido in stallions/geldings/dogs

Question 32

What are the options for pregnancy termination?

Answer 32

``` Prostaglandins Progesterone antagonists Estrogen Prolactin inhibitors Megesterol acetate Corticosteroids Anabolic steroids ```

Question 33

What are the side effects associated with prostaglandins?

Answer 33

``` Sweating Panting Vomiting Defecation Dose dependent Acclimated with repeated dose ```

Question 34

What are side effects of megesterol acetate?

Answer 34

Pyometra | Diabetes

Question 35

What are the estrus induction options in dogs?

Answer 35

DES Prolactin inhibitors (most common) Deslorelin implant

Question 36

How do prolactin inhibitors induce estrus?

Answer 36

Prior to bitch coming into heat, prolactin levels drop. If we give prolactin inhibitor and drop her prolactin and she was close to coming into heat, we can reliably bring her into heat

Question 37

What are the side effects with progesterone in small animals?

Answer 37

Uterus with cystic endometrial hyperplasia Mammary tumors Diabetes mellitus/insulin resistance Masculinization of female fetuses if given while pregnant Weight gain Acromegaly Temperament changes in cats Severity/likelihood depends upon: type of progestogen used, dosage and duration, age of female when initiated, species treated

Question 38

What and when can tocolytics be used?

Answer 38

In an impending canine abortion (Terbutaline) Epinephrine for uterine relaxation in cows with dystocia Clenbuterol or Buscopam is used in mares for uterine relaxation during dystocia

Question 39

When and which ecbolics are used?

Answer 39

Used for uterine contraction, postpartum metritis, postpartum/uterine hemorrhage Prostaglandins Ergonovine Oxytocin