reproductive test human bio

Question 1

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Answer 1

Produces diploid cells for growth, repairment and replacemenrt of somatic cells.

Question 2

what is the purpose of meiosis?

Answer 2

To produce haploid cells for gametes (sperm and egg cells) for sexual reproduction

Question 3

What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 3

Meiosis- takes place in reproductive cells gonads to produce gametes. Has two cell divsions and results in four daughter cells also is haploid cell.
Mitosis- takes place in somatic cells for growth and repair, has only one cell division and results in two daughter cells/ and is diploid.

Question 4

what is the structure and function of the scrotum?

Answer 4

the scrotum is a loose sac of skin that holds the testes. It’s functions is that it holds the testes and it is positioned outside of the body so that the temperature is cool enough for sperm production.

Question 5

what is the functions of the testes?

Answer 5

They are responsible for making sperm cells and producing testosterone.

Question 6

what is the function of the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 6

they are to store immature sperm cells and to produce mature sperm cells.

Question 7

what is the function of the epididymis?

Answer 7

. it is where sperm is matured and stored.

Question 8

what is the structure and function of the vas deferens?

Answer 8

is a long muscular tube that carries mature sperm from the epididymis to urethra for ejaculation.

Question 9

what is the function of the seminal vesicle?

Answer 9

produce seminal fluid which contains fructose (sugar) which gives sperm energy to move .

Question 10

what is the function of the prostate gland?

Answer 10

it produces fluid that nourishes sperm.

Question 10

what is the function of the urethra?

Answer 10

tube at the beginning of the bladder and ending at penis gland. it allows a passage for urine and semen.

Question 11

what is the structure and function of the penis?

Answer 11

it transports sperm into the vagina for fertilisation.

Question 12

what is the structure and function of the vagina?

Answer 12

It’s function allows for male penis to be inserted to deposit sperm inside female body.

Question 13

what is the ovary and it’s function?

Answer 13

. It’s function is to produce and store female sex cells (ovum/ova) and produce oestrogen and progestrone.

Question 14

what is the structure and function of the fallopian tubes?

Answer 14

. It is the location of fertilisation and transports the fertilised ovum (zygote to the uterus.

Question 15

what is the structure and function of the uterus?

Answer 15

. It is where implantation and embryo development occur.

Question 16

what is the structure and function of the cervix.

Answer 16

It contracts to hold the uterus closed while the baby is developing and dialates when baby is about to be born.

Question 16

what is the ovulation phase?

Answer 16

when the follicle rupture, releasing an egg into the fallopian tube.

Question 17

what is fertilisation?

Answer 17

Fertilization is the process where a male sperm cell fuses with a female egg cell, forming a single cell called a zygote,

Question 18

what is implantation?

Answer 18

where a fertilized egg attaches to the endometrium and begins to burrow into it, marking the start of pregnancy

Question 19

what is the function of amniotic fluid in pregnancy?

Answer 19

protects the developing foetus from injury, unequal pressure and temperature changes.

Question 20

what is the function of umbilical cord in pregnancy?

Answer 20

it attaches the foetus to the placenta allowing important nutrients and oxygen to pass through.

Question 21

what is the function of the placenta?

Answer 21

it delievers nutrients and oxygen from the mother to the foetus. and removes waste and carbon dioxide from the foetus to the mother.

Question 22

what is the function of the endometrium?

Answer 22

to prepare for and support a potential pregnancy (implanatation) by thickening and becoming rich in blood vessels and glands.

Question 23

what is the function of FSH hormone in male reproductive system?

Answer 23

FST stimulates the production of sperm.

Question 24

what is the function of LH hormone in male reproductive system?

Answer 24

stimulates the production of testosterone in testes.

Question 25

what is the function of testosterone in male reproductive?

Answer 25

stimulates growth and development of male reproductive tissues.

Question 26

what is the function of FSH in female?

Answer 26

stimulates the development and maturation of follicle.

Question 27

what is the function of LH in females?

Answer 27

promotes final maturation of follicle and ovulation. It forms the corpus luteum and stimulates secretion of oestrogen and progesterone.

Question 28

what is the function of oestrogen and progesterone in female body?

Answer 28

they both maintain the endometrium.

Question 29

describe the structure of Dna

Answer 29

it is a double helix shaped structure found in the nucleus of cells that holds genetic information of an organism. it is made of two long strands of nucleotides that run in opposite directions.

Question 30

describe the structure of a nucleotide

Answer 30

A nucleotide is the fundamental building block of DNA. It is made of three components sugar, phosphate and nitrogenous bases adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine.

Question 31

identify the base pairings in Dna

Answer 31

the base pairing rules are adenine pairs with Thymine and Guamine pairs with cytosine.

Question 32

explain the reason for complimentary base pairing in the double helix of DNA

Answer 32

Complementary base pairing (A with T, and C with G) is crucial because it allows DNA to be copied accurately Each strand of DNA serves as a template to create a new strand, and the specific pairing guarantees the correct sequence is reproduced. This is also important in protein synthesis, where the base sequence is used to produce the right proteins needed for the body to function properly. Without this pairing, errors could occur in DNA replication and protein production.

Question 33

describe why the body needs to be capable of making new cells

Answer 33

The body needs to be capable of making new cells for growth, repair, and maintaining the overall health of tissues and organs.

Question 34

describe 3 purposes of making new cells

Answer 34

Growth – to increase the number of cells as the body develops. Repair – to replace damaged or injured cells and heal tissues. Replacement – to renew cells that die naturally, like skin or blood cells.

Question 35

label simple diagram of a parent cells with (2n) to produce 2 daughter cells with (2n) each.

Question 36

describe and summarise the process of mitosis

Answer 36

Mitosis is the process by which a diploid cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. During this process, the chromosomes condense and the nuclear membrane breaks down, the chromosomes align in the center of the cell, the chromatids are pulled to opposite ends, and new nuclei form. Finally, the cell splits its cytoplasm, completing the formation of two identical diploid cells.

Question 37

explain why there are two stages of cell division in meiosis

Answer 37

Meiosis has two stages of cell division to reduce the chromosome number by half and ensure genetic diversity. In the first stage, homologous chromosomes are separated, cutting the chromosome number from diploid to haploid. In the second stage, similar to mitosis, sister chromatids are separated. This two-step process ensures that the resulting sex cells have the correct number of chromosomes and that offspring inherit a mix of genetic material from both parents.

Question 38

explain why the process of cell divison of fertilisation requires that the gametes are (n) haploid.

Answer 38

The process of fertilization requires that gametes be haploid (n) to ensure that when they combine, the resulting zygote has the correct diploid (2n) number of chromosomes. Gametes (sperm and egg) are haploid because they contain half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This reduction is achieved through meiosis. When two haploid gametes fuse during fertilization, their chromosome sets combine to restore the diploid number, ensuring that the offspring inherits genetic material from both parents and maintains the right number of chromosomes.

Question 39

what is in virto fertilsation?

Answer 39

is a series of procedures to assist the female with her fertility, prevent genetic problems and conceive a child.

Question 40

what is ivf's advantages and disadvantages?

Answer 40

advantages: 1. high success rate of pregnancy. 2. less chance of miscarriage 3. helps to overcome infertility in both men and women disadvantages 1. risk of multiple pregnancies 2. expensive cost (medication, tests)\ 3. the process of uncertanity can cause stress

Question 41

what is gamete intrafallopian transfer?

Question 42

what is the advantages and disadvantages of GIFT

Question 43

what is zygote intrafallopian transfer?

Question 44

what is the advantages and disadvantages of ZIFT

Question 45

What is frozen embryo transfer?

Question 46

what are the advanatges and disadvantages of FET?

Question 47

Compare the difference between all of them

Question 48

state why the number of chromosomes is reduced in a gamete/sex cells to (N) haploid.