Reproductive Systems Flashcards
The male genitals are the ___. the ______, a pair of glands that produce _____ and ____ ___ hormones, and the _____, which is the sac that contains the testes. From each testis, ____ pass into a long coiled tube called the _______, where they ____ and are stored. During sexual intercourse, sperm are propelled along a duct called the ____ _______. Fluid secreted by the seminal _____ and the prostate ____ is added to sperm to produce ______, which is ejaculated through the erect penis through the _____.
The male genitals are the PENIS, the TESTES, a pair of glands that produce SPERM and MALE SEX hormones, and the SCROTUM, which is the sac that contains the testes. From each testis, SPERM pass into a long coiled tube called the EPIDIDYMIS, where they MATURE and are stored. During sexual intercourse, sperm are propelled along a duct called the VAS DEFERENS. Fluid secreted by the seminal VESICLES and the prostate GLAND is added to sperm to produce SEMEN, which is ejaculated through the erect penis through the URETHRA.
The penis is composed of columns of erectile tissue- what happens to this tissue to cause the penis to become erect?
It fills with blood.
What is the corpus spongiosum?
It is spongy, erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra, and widens to form the glans (tip).
Describe semineferous tubules.
The testes contain many of these tightly coiled tubules which produce millions of sperm per day.
What is the function of the seminal vesicle?
they secrete a fluid which forms roughly 60% of semen. It contains a sugar that provides the energy for sperm to swim.
What does the prostate gland produce?
milky, alkaline solutions that make up around 20% of the volume of seminal fluid.
Scrotal tissue contains a layer called the ______ muscle. This contracts or relaxes to move the ____ nearer to or away from the body to maintain the correct ______.
Scrotal tissue contains a layer called the CREMASTER muscle. This contracts or relaxes to move the TESTES nearer to or away from the body to maintain the correct TEMPERATURE.
The female sex glands are the ____. From puberty, these paired glands release __, the female egg cells: they also manufacture the __ ______, notably oestrogen, that influence the _____ cycle, and the development of female sex characteristics. Each month, an egg is released and travels down one of the 2 ______ tubes to the ______: a hollow structure in the centre of the pelvis: if the egg is fertilised by a sperm it may develop into an ______.
The female sex glands are the OVARIES. From puberty, these paired glands release OVA, the female egg cells: they also manufacture the SEX HORMONES, notably oestrogen, that influence the MENSTRUAL cycle, and the development of female sex characteristics. Each month, an egg is released and travels down one of the 2 FALLOPIAN tubes to the UTERUS: a hollow structure in the centre of the pelvis: if the egg is fertilised by a sperm it may develop into an EMBRYO.
Where in the ovaries do egg cells develop? What happens here at ovulation?
Cell clusters called follicles. are where egg cells develop. At ovulation, the follicle ruptures, releasing the mature egg into the fallopian tube. They empty follicle develops into a small tissue mass called the corpus luteum, which secretes the female sex hormones.
What are fimbriae? What is their function?
Fringe like projections which encircle the open end of each fallopian tube. Their minute oscillations guide a released egg into the tube.
Describe fallopian tubes.
The paired fallopian tubes attach to the upper part of the uterus, one on each side. Their funnel shaped ends lie close to, but not touching, the ovaries to receive released eggs.
What does the ovarian ligament attach each ovary to?
The upper uterus
What is the function of the cervix (the neck of the uterus)?
It’s opening allows sperm, menstrual blood, or a baby to pass through.
What does the inner mucus membrane of the vagina do? What does the outer muscular wall do?
The inner mucus membrane provides lubrication, and the outer muscular wall stretches during sexual intercourse and child birth.
What is the difference between the male and female pelvis? Why?
The pelvic cavity in women is much wider and shallower to the uterus contained within the pelvic cavity to enlarge during pregnancy to accommodate the growing foetus.
What happens to the breasts during pregnancy and after birth?
During pregnancy, milk producing glands in the breasts enlarge and increase in number. Lactation in the first few days after child birth. Immediately after delivery, the breasts produce a thick yellow fluid called colostrum, which provides the baby’s first food. Sucking at the breast stimulates the release of the pituitary hormone oxytocin which promotes the flow of milk.
