Reproductive System Unit Lesson 4: Reproductive Disorders Flashcards
What is Erectile Dysfunction?
The penis is unable to achieve a sufficient erection to perform sexual intercourse.
affects the penis
What is the cause of Erectile Dysfunction?
Lack of blood flow to the penis can prevent the penis from becoming sufficiently erect. This can be caused by circulatory disorders affecting blood flow, psychological disorders like anxiety or depression, or the cumulative effects of aging.
What is Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia?
The prostate grows to a size so large that it constricts the urethra, preventing passage of urine or semen.
affects the prostate, urethra
What is the cause of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia?
Enlargement of the prostate begins naturally over time, usually at around 45 years of age. One factor that causes this is enzyme 5-alpha-reductase, which is responsible for converting testosterone into a substance that promotes prostate growth.
During puberty this is necessary to grow the prostate to optimal size; however if it persists after puberty it can contribute to the growth of the prostate to an undesirable size.
What is Prostate Cancer?
Prostate tissue becomes cancerous, increasing inflammation, possible infertility, and possible metastasis
affects the prostate, other regions of the body if metastasis occurs
What is the cause of Prostate Cancer?
Causes are not well understood. 1 in 7 men will develop it in their lifetime
there is no linkage to prostate cancer and other factors
What is Testicular Cancer?
Testicular tissue becomes cancerous, increasing inflammation, possible infertility, and possible metastasis
affects the testes, other regions of the body if metastasis occurs
What is Endometriosis?
Endometrial tissue grows in female reproductive system and abdominal region. The greater the spread and size of the endometrial tissue, the more severe the condition and associated pain.
affects various regions in the female reproductive system and abdominal region
What is the cause of Endometriosis?
The exact cause is unknown but hypothesized to occur when endometrial cells backflow during menstruation and successfully implant in regions outside of the uterus
What is Ovarian Cancer?
Ovarian tissue becomes cancerous, increasing inflammation, possible infertility, and possible metastasis
affects the ovaries, other regions of the body if metastasis occurs
What is the cause of Ovarian cancer?
No specific cause linked to ovarian cancer, though the incidence of the disease is much higher in women over 40 years of age. Women who have never had cancer are twice as likely to develop this cancer than those who had children
What is Dysmenorrhea?
The menstruating individual experiences unusually painful symptoms during menses, particularly cramping in the abdominal region.
affects the abdomen, head, appetite
aka painful menustration
What is the result of Dysmenorrhea?
Headaches, backaches, and other various malaise is associated
What is the cause of Dysmenorrhea?
The level of prostaglandins (hormones that cause uterine contractions) are significantly (four to five times) higher than those without dysmenorrhea.
What is Ectopic Pregnancy?
A fertilized oocyte implants in an area outside of the uterus. Most commonly, this can occur in an oviduct, although there have been some extreme cases documented where it implants elsewhere (liver or small intestine_
affects various abdominal areas
What is the cause of Ectopic Pregnancy?
Many factors affecting the inflammation of the oviducts have been linked to its incidence. Some factors include inflammatory diseases, previous surgery on oviducts, smoking, STIs
What is Breast Cancer?
Mammary tissue becomes cancerous, increasing inflammation and possible metastasis.
affects breasts and other regions of the body if it metastasizes
What is the cause of Breast Cancer?
Breast cancer has a strong genetic component to it and is tied to aging. Women with dense breast tissues are also at a greater risk due to the greater number of cells present. Carcinogenic factors are similarly thought to affect it
What is Infertility?
Individuals are unable to conceive by regular sexual intercourse
What is the cause of infertility? (Men)
Low sperm count; can be attributed to unhealthy lifestyle, STDs, abnormal hormone levels, high testicular temperature
What is the cause of infertility? (Women)
Most commonly blocked oviduct caused by inflammatory diseases or endometriosis. Age also plays a role, with infertility sharply increases after age 35
