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Biology > Reproductive System Part 1 > Flashcards

Reproductive System Part 1 Flashcards

The penis & vigina structures and how a sperm cell connects with the egg cell

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1
Q

Testes Location

A

In abdomen before birth, come down the canal to scrotum afterwards

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2
Q

Inside testes

A

tightly coiled seminiferous tubles producing sperm. Interstital cells between seminiferous tubles making testosterone.

Diploid cells on outsides, not yet made haploid. Haploid on insides

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3
Q

Sertoil Cells

A

Nourish the sperm cause it’s immature when leaving testes

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4
Q

Acrosome function

A

Containe enzymes to desolve outer-coating surrounding egg so sperm can penetrate egg

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5
Q

What is Spermatiogonesis

A

Process to form sperm cells in testes

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6
Q

Vas Deferens Function

A

Tube carrying sperm from testes to urethra

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7
Q

Function of Scrotum

A

Carry the testes, keeps testes 3 degrees below body temp. Contracts cremaster muscles bringing testes towards abdominal when cold, releases when warm, bringing testes away from abdominal

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8
Q

What happens in ejaculation, if none?

A

Sperm from epididymis goes to vas deferences. If no ejaculation, old sperm degenerates

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9
Q

Ejaculatory duct Function

A

Propels semen in urethra

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10
Q

Sperm Cells Contain:

A
  • Low amounts of cytoplasm & low energy.
  • Have mitocondria beside falgellum (tail) giving sper, atp.
  • Acrosomes which cap sperm cell head
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11
Q

What is Epididymis

A
  • Coiled tubes behind testes to store sperm cells

- Site for sperm maturation

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12
Q

What is semen

A

Sperm in fluid propeled in urethra by ejaculatory duct

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13
Q

Seminal Vesicle Function & Location

A

Behind the bladder, secreating fluid in ejaculatory duct

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14
Q

What does Seminal Vesicle contain? What do they do?

A
  • Fructose - providing energy for sperm

- Prostaglandins: chemical messengers stimulating uterine peristalsis to move semen up uterus once in female

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15
Q

What is the prostrate gland? What does it do?

A

Gland surrounding urethra secreating fluid

  • liquifies semen to prevent sperm clumping
  • alkaline nutalizes acid in urethra & vagina
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16
Q

How does an erection happen

A

Erection causes bladder base to close.
During sexual arrousal or puberty or while in rest, penis tissues fill with blood, sealing the veins which causes erection and penis to rise

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17
Q

What is the bulbourethral gland? What does it do?

A

Pair of glands around urethra below prostate gland

  • secretes fluid before emission of semen & sperm
  • lubricates penis and vagina to protect sperm from acidic vagina
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18
Q

Penis Structure

A

Made of 3 spongy tissue cylinders surrounding urethra.

Has a tip covered by foreskin to protect from pathogens called gland tip

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19
Q

When does ejaculation happen?

A

When semen enters urethra, it’s pushed out of penis by smooth muscle contractions

20
Q

What role does testostrone play in reproductive system?

A

It stimulates spermatogenesis and sex characteristics

21
Q

What hormones are involved in producing sperm? What happens after sperm is produces

A

The hypothalamus releases GnRH telling anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH.

After sperm has been produced it releases inhibin as negative feedback telling hypothalamus to stop GnRH secretion

22
Q

What does FSH & LH do in male reproductive system?

A
  • FSH: stimulates spermatogenis by semineforous tubles

- LH: stimulates testostorone and inderictly stimulates spermatogenis

23
Q

What are ovaries? And what do they do?

A
  • Women have 2 ovaries in abdomen encloised in protective capsules.
  • They produce eggs and female sex hormones
  • They have fibrous tissues & small folicle groups
24
Q

What happens during oogenesis

A
  • Ovulation: where outer ovary wall surfaces burst & secondary oocyte is released
  • Follicle cells in ovary become corpos leteum
25
Q

What do follicles contain?

A
  • Primary oocyte: has 46 chromosomes, once it does meiosis it becomes mature oocyte
  • Granulosa cells: provide nutrients for oocyte
26
Q

What are the two female sex hormones released by ovary? What do they do?

A

Estrogen: thickens endometrium after mensturation
Progestorone: prepares endometrium for potential pregnency after ovulation

27
Q

How is the egg conducted from fallopian tube to uterus

A

Egg is released in abdominal cavity, the cilia & fimbria vibrate sucking egg into the fllopian tube by moving fluids. Cilia move egg towards uterus.

28
Q

The two layers of the endometrium

A
  • Basal: which is static and dosen’t change thickness

- Functional: changes thickness based on stage of menstural cycle

29
Q

What does fallopian tube do?

A

The spot for fertilization and conducts egg to uterus

30
Q

Uterus Structure and Function and Location

A
  • houses/nurtures developing fetus
  • has oviducts at top, cervix at bottom
  • has endometrium
  • filled with blood vessels
  • changes thickness based on stage of mensturation cycle
31
Q

What does the vagina do?

A

It is the birth canal where the baby comes out of.

It’s also elastic to accomodate for sex and birth.

32
Q

What does cervix do?

A
  • Seperates uterus and vagina housing the fetus

- during birth, it dialates to allow fetus entry into birth canal

33
Q

What happens in the 1st stage of mensturation?

A

In the flow phase bleeding starts because endometrium starts shedding

34
Q

What happens in the 2nd stage of mensturation?

A

In the fellicular phase, the hypothalamus increases GnRH production which increases FSH production. FSH produces estrogen to thicken endometrium.

35
Q

What happens after menstration cycle

A

Estrogen and progestrone send negative feedback to hypothalamus to stop GnRH production which stopes LH and FSH production. Low levels of hormones initiate the menstraion cycle all over again

36
Q

What happens in the 3rd stage of mensturation?

A

In the ovulation phase LH causes ovulation and secondary oocyte to release

37
Q

What hormones are involved with mensturation

A

The hypothalamus produces GnRH which tell anterior pituitary to produce FSH and LH.

38
Q

What is an oocyte

A

Immature egg cell, becomes mature after meiosis in follicles

39
Q

What happens in the 4th stage of mensturation?

A

In luteal phase, LH stimulates corpus luteus devlopment. Which produces progestrone to prepare endometrium to get ovum

40
Q

Define menopause

A

The end of reproductive years in a female. The ovaries don’t produce estrogen and progesterone because they don’t respond to LH and FSH

41
Q

What is external genitalia in female

A

2 sets of labia surrounding vaginal opening

42
Q

What is the result after meiosis in female

A

1 egg cell and 3 polar bodies. Egg cell has more cytoplasm than others

43
Q

What happens if embryo grows in fallopian tubd

A

Ectopic pregnancy

44
Q

What is the function of progesterone

A

It maintains the endometrium to prepare for future pregnancy if there will be future pregnancy. If not, progesterone degenerates. If it denerates flow phase and menstruation starts again

45
Q

When is the female most fertail

A

During ovulation cause secondary oocyte is released here from ovary

Biology (3 decks)

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