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Pharm. 2 NURS 421 > Reproductive System & Immune system drugs > Flashcards

Reproductive System & Immune system drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Andropause

A

male climacteric: decrease level in testosterone

male menopause

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2
Q

The Human Sexual Response

A

-Estrous cycle: endocrine stimuli for sexual response to occur.

  • Four phases:
    1. stimulation- mild increases in sensitivity and beginning stimulation of SNS
    2. plateau- stimulation levels off
    3. climax- massive SNS stimulation
    4. resolution- recovery
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3
Q

**Drugs for the Female Repro. System**

A
  • sex hormones
  • estrogen receptor modulators
  • fertility drugs
  • uterine motility drugs

need to know these

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4
Q

Sex Hormones

A

estrogens
progesterones

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5
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence of menses

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6
Q

Other Tocolytics: nifedipine

A

Ca channel blocker- drops BP

  • supreses contractions
  • look out for orthostatic hypotension
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7
Q

other tocolytics: Magnesium

A
  • watch for magnesium toxicity: decreased DTR, U/O <30 ml/hr, respiratory depression
  • calcium gluconate antidote for Mg toxicity (give IV)
  • endomethacine- blocks prostaglandin synthesis which suppresses labor.
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8
Q

Drug classifications affecting the male reproductive system (3)

A
  1. androgens
  2. anabolic steroids
  3. drugs for penile erectile dysfunction
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9
Q

testosterone

A

produced in testes, responsible for male characteristics before puberty.

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10
Q

androgens

A

produced in adrenal glands, sustains male characteristics after puberty

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11
Q

verilization

A

development of male characteristics

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12
Q

Autoimmune diseases

A
  • celiac disease: triggered by gluten
  • chron’s: GI inflammation
  • Grave’s: too much thyroid
  • Gullian Barre syndrome: neuromusc. disorder that attacks nerves
  • Lupus: skin, joints, kidneys
  • MS:
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13
Q

lupus

A

where the body attacks its own skin and joints

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14
Q

Immunosuppresant: Epinephrine

A
  • vasopressor (stimulates alpha and beta)
  • increase BP and HR
  • bronchodilation
  • cardiac arrest
  • anaphylaxis reaction
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15
Q

Epi-pen Indications

A
  • severe anaphylactic reaction: deadly hypotension and bronchoconstriction
  • first drug use for anaphylactic reaction
  • auto-injector
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16
Q

First signs of anaphylactic reaction

A
  • Hives
  • Dyspnea
  • Hypotension

ABC’s

17
Q

Epi-Pen dose

A
  • One shot to the thigh
  • Repeat q 5-15 mins until symptoms resolve
  • Steps: stab thigh, hold it there for 10 sec., Benadryl, Albuterol, Steroids
18
Q

Marijuana

A
  • high THC
  • derived from cannabis indica or cannabis sativa families
  • amount of THC increased over the past 20 years (5-35%)
19
Q

Hemp (CBD)

A
  • low THC, high CBD
  • CBD is also echinachea, chocolate, truffles also have CBD
  • derived only from cannabis sativa (hemp) family
  • around 0.3% THC
20
Q

Inhaled marijuana

A
  • onset of psychoactive effects occurs rapidly with peak effects felt at 15-30 minutes
  • lasting up to 4 hours
  • pulmonary bioavailability varies from 10 to 35 percent of an inhaled dose
  • determined by depth of inhalation along with the duration of puffing and breath holding
21
Q

ingested marijuana

A
  • delayed onset of psychoactive effect that ranges from 30 min - 3 hours
  • clinical effects may last up to 12 hours
  • orally administered has low bioavailability (5 - 20 %) because of chemical degradation in gastric acid and substancial first-pass metabolism in liver
  • in native users, psychotropic effects occur with 5 - 20 mg of ingested THC
22
Q

Legal THC drugs in U.S.

A

dronabinol/ Marinol- n&v, MS, appetite stimulant

nabilone/ Cesamet- n&v with chemotherapy

23
Q

Cannabis Intoxication s&s

A
  • increased HR, BP, or orth. hypotension
  • increased RR
  • red eye, dry mouth
  • nystagmus
  • ataxia
  • slurred speech
24
Q

Complications with inhalation

A
  • acute exacerbations and poor symptom control in patients with asthma
  • pneumomediastinum ( air present in space) and pneumothorax suggested by tachypnea, chest pain, and subcutaneous emphysemas caused by deep inhalation w/ breath holding
  • rarely, angina and MI
25
Q

Acute cannabis intoxication

A
  • neuro. abnormalies more in children; ataxia, excessive and purposeless motor activity of extremities, lethargy, prolonged coma (life-threatening)
  • hyperemesis (bad), behavioral problems (dysphoria or agitation), bronchospasm, pneumothorax

these are medical emergencies, give IV zofran

26
Q

Cannabis Hyperemeis Syndrome

A
  • relieved by hot showers
  • acute Tx: IV hydration, antiemetics and benzos.
27
Q

CBD

A
  • chronic nerve pain
  • inflammation
  • muscle spasms/ MS symptoms
  • reduces cancer induced n&v (CINV)
  • may slow cancer growth
  • anxiety and terrorism
  • insomnia
  • acne psoriasis
  • withdrawal symptoms
  • seizures
28
Q

First CBD approved med. by the U.S.

A

cannabidiol (Epidiolex)

-used to treat seizures associated with two rare and severe forms of epilepsy, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome

29
Q

Epidiolox Pharmacokinetics

A
  • Peak concentration: 1-4 hours
  • half life 12 - 32 hours
  • highly lipophilic
  • highly protein bound
  • liver enzyme metabolism
  • not expected to contribute to drug-drug interacitons
  • excretion = stool and urine
30
Q

Drug “roots”

A

willow bark = aspirin

foxglove = digoxin

aloe = burns

vinca = leukemia

mandrake root = healing

31
Q

Supplements that drop BS

A

Ginseng ***

juniper berries

garlic

fenugreek

coriander

dandelion root

32
Q

St. John’s Wort

A

interacts with SSRI’s

Interacts with digoxin

may make contraceptives ineffective

interacts with theophylline, cancer drugs and antivirals

33
Q

Drugs Causing Bleeding

A

Fish oil (good for cholesterol but..)

Gingko biloba

Garlic

Ginseng

34
Q

Vaccines

A

artificially stimulating active immunity

35
Q

Types of Immunity

A

Active immunity: vaccines

Passive immunity: antibodies are injected into the system and react with a specific antigen

36
Q

Eradicated diseases

A
  • Smallpox
  • Polio
  • Measles
  • Mumps
  • Rubella
  • Tetanus
37
Q

Inactivated Vaccines

A

need a booster since they’re not as strong as live vaccines

  • Hep A
  • Flu
  • Polio
  • Rabies
38
Q

Live-attenuated Vaccines

A
  • MMR
  • Rotavirus
  • Smallpox
  • Varicella
  • Yellow fever
39
Q

Childhood Vaccines

A

Following given within 1st year;

  • Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus
  • Rotavirus
  • Poliovirus
  • Meningitis
  • Haemophilus B
  • Hep. B, Hep A
  • MMR (after 1st year)
  • Varicella (after 1st year)

Pharm. 2 NURS 421 (2 decks)

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