reproductive system (Female)

Question 1

Describe the endocrine glands that control reproduction and regulation of gonadotrophin secretion

Answer 1

The reproductive system is controlled by the gonadotropins follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are produced by the pituitary gland. Gonadotropin release is controlled by the hypothalamic hormone gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

Question 2

Two main functions of gonads

Answer 2

1. Produce gametes

2. Produce reproductive hormones

Question 3

Progesterone

Answer 3

is the major steroidal hormone of the corpus luteum and of the placenta. Associated with the preparations for pregnancy and its maintenance

Question 4

Sex determination

Answer 4

commitment of the bipotential gonad to a testis or an ovary

Question 5

Sex differentiation

Answer 5

The phenotypic development of genital structures due to the action of hormones produced by the gonad

Question 6

The Sex-determining factor

Answer 6

The Sex-determining Region on the Ychromosome (known as the SRYgene) provides the pathway for testes to develop. The presence of a testis determines the sexual fate of the embryo, against the basic feminine trendIn the absence of SRY, the embryo develops into a female.

Question 7

Sex differentiation : Internal genitalia

female and male

Answer 7

Müllerian duct = Female

Wolffian duct = Male

Question 8

Development of the male internal

reproductive system.

Answer 8

1. Male differentiation
Müllerian duct regression occurs
under the control of Anti-müllerian
hormone (AMH) secreted by Sertoli
cells.

2. Testosterone secreted by the testis
   (Leydig cells) actively maintain the
   Wolffian ducts.
3. The Wolffian ducts develop into the
   epididymis, vas deferens and seminal
   vesicles.
4. The testis descends from its internal
   position to the scrotum, usually after
   the 7th month

Question 9

Development of the female

internal reproductive system.

Answer 9

1. Female differentiation
   The Wolffian ducts begin to
   regress slowly from about 10
   weeks.

2. The Müllerian ducts persist
and develop to give rise to
the uterine (fallopian) tubes,
uterus, cervix, and upper
vagina.

Question 10

Development of the Female external

genitals

Answer 10

Female differentiation
The urethral folds and labioscrotal
swellings remain separate, thus
forming the labia minora and
majora
The genital tubercle (glans area)
forms the clitoris.

Question 11

Development of the male external

genitals

Answer 11

Male differentiation
Fusion of the urethral folds enclosing
the urethral tube forming the shaft of
the penis
Labioscrotal swellings fuse in the
midline forming the scrotum
The genital tubercle (glans area)
expands forming the glans penis