Reproductive System and Emmenagogues

Question 1

testicles

Answer 1

where the male gamete sperm is made

Question 2

most common complaints relating to the male reproductive system

Answer 2

prostate problems or some form of sexual dysfunction

Question 3

what is benign prostatic
hyperplasia BPH

Answer 3

enlarged prostate

in approximately 60% of the males between ages 40 - 59

usually progressive, getting worse with age

Question 4

BPH is caused by

Answer 4

an accumulation of testosterone in the prostate

Question 5

what happens in the prostrate?

Answer 5

Testosterone converts to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) within the prostate

Question 6

Dihydrotestosterone makes

Answer 6

cells to multiply excessively,
eventually enlarging the prostate

Question 7

symptoms of BHP (benign prostatic hyperplasia)

Answer 7

a thinner stream of urine

increased frequency of urination

second stage, the prostate enlarges enough to partially shut off urine flow from the bladder causing urine retention

the third stage, the residual urine in the bladder caused by inhibited urination flow becomes large enough to “backwash”, causing kidney problems

Question 8

most effective herb for BHP (benign prostatic hyperplasia)

Answer 8

Saw Palmetto.

Question 9

Physical reasons for Prostatitis (often called prostatocystitis)

Answer 9

happens when the prostate
and urinary tract become inflamed

Question 10

Causes of Prostatitis (often called prostatocystitis)

Answer 10

Stress
excessive caffeine
alcohol
lack of exercise

Question 11

Symptoms of Prostatitis (often called prostatocystitis)

Answer 11

an aching in the prostate area, frequent dribbling, sometimes with blood in the urine

Question 12

Treatment for Malignant prostatic enlargement (MPH)

Answer 12

high carbohydrate diet

Two of the most important herbs for the prostate gland are saw palmetto and buchu.

Other nutrients that are useful are zinc and pumpkin seeds

15 mg of zinc twice daily, as well as a handful of pumpkin or sunflower seeds daily (pumpkin preferred).

Question 13

Parts of the male reproductive system

Answer 13

➊ The Testes.
➋ A Series of Ducts.
➌ Various Glands.
➍ The Penis.

Question 14

testes

Answer 14

primary male gonads (sex cell-producing organs)

ovoid bodies enclosed in a pouch of skin called the scrotum

Question 15

spermatozoa

Answer 15

Continuous production of sperm

takes place within the numerous long coiled tubes of the two testes

Question 16

three ducts leading from each testis

Answer 16

• epididymis
• vas deferens
• ejaculatory duct

Question 17

epididymis

Answer 17

c-shaped elongated mass at the back of the testis.

The sperm that are produced by the testis are stored here until they are emitted

Question 18

vas deferens

Answer 18

a continuation of the epididymis

enters the abdominal cavity and joins the duct of the seminal vesicles to form the ejaculatory duct.

Question 19

prostate gland

Answer 19

about the size of a chestnut, lying just below the urinary bladder, and surrounds approximately the first inch of the urethra

Question 20

seminal vesicles

Answer 20

two accumulative pouches that produce a large part of the seminal fluid (semen is the fluid composed of sperm cells and the secretions from the various associated glands

Question 21

Cowper’s glands

Answer 21

two pea-shaped, yellowish bulbourethral glands

merge into the urethra just as it is about to enter the penis

produce a slightly alkaline lubricant during sexual
arousal:
- which facilitates entry of the penis into the vagina
- helps the secretions of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles in neutralizing the acidity of the urine which would normally kill the sperm as they pass through the penis

Question 22

penis

Answer 22

consists primarily of three elongated cylinders of specialized erectile tissue — two corpora cavernosa and a middle corpora spongiosum

The end of the penis (part of the corpora spongiosum) is called the glans

Question 23

vasectomy

Answer 23

the vas deferens is cut. This will mean the sperm will not be able to travel to their maturing location

Question 24

female reproductive system consists of

Answer 24

➊ Two Ovaries
➋ Two Uterine Tubes (Fallopian tubes)
➌ A uterus
➍ A vagina
➎ The external genital organs

Question 25

ovaries

Answer 25

primary sex organs of the female, are almond-sized and almond shaped bodies located at the outer end of the Fallopian tubes

Question 26

functions of ovaries

Answer 26

• produce ova (the female
  gametes)
• produce hormones

Question 27

Fallopian tubes

Answer 27

• two very small tubes, each about 10 cm long, curving away from the upper corners of the uterus
• Fertilization usually occurs within a Fallopian tube

Question 28

endometrium

Answer 28

the lining of the uterus

Question 29

menstruation

Answer 29

If the ovum is not fertilized, the endometrium gradually stops growing and comes loose.

The excess blood and part of the swollen membrane is sloughed off and discharged from the uterus through the vagina.

• every twenty-eight days

Question 30

vagina

Answer 30

female organ of copulation, receiving the penis during sexual intercourse

consists chiefly of smooth muscle lined with mucous membrane

Question 31

cervix

Answer 31

neck of the uterus

Question 32

vulva

Answer 32

external genital organs of the female

form the entrance into the vagina

Question 33

labia majora

Answer 33

large, fleshy liplike structures bounding the outer parts of the
vulva

Question 34

labia minora

Answer 34

much smaller liplike structures bounding the remaining structures of the vulva

Question 35

clitoris

Answer 35

a tiny body composed of highly sensitive tissue situated at the front junction of the labia minora

Question 36

vestibule

Answer 36

the space between the labia minora; and the hymen

Question 37

hymen

Answer 37

a thin mucous membrane stretching across the opening of the vagina

Question 38

mammary glands

Answer 38

composed of glandular tissues embedded in fat.

glandular tissue is organized into globules, each of which gives rise to a lactiferous duct which opens at the nipple on the body surface.

The secretion of milk is stimulated by the pituitary hormone prolactin, which is released around the time of delivery

Question 39

premenstrual syndrome

Answer 39

e emotional upset often characterizing the first few days before the period is due to a hormonal imbalance

Question 40

how to treat premenstrual syndrome

Answer 40

50-500 mg of B6 in addition to other B vitamins for these few day.

dong quai.
- Two capsules should be taken twice daily. Dong quai will help balance the hormones in the body. It also contains Vitamins B6 and B12

Question 41

zygote

Answer 41

fertilized ovum

Question 42

Menopause

Answer 42

between the ages of forty-two and fifty-five

atrophy of the Fallopian tubes, diminished breast size, cessation of menstruation and even redistribution of body fat

dong quai.
- It helps stop cold sweats, hot flashes, and relieves mental and emotional upset

Question 43

what are Emmenagogues

Answer 43

herbal agents that are female correctives

Question 44

what are Emmenagogues used for

Answer 44

➊ For menstrual obstruction resulting in absence, delay, retardation or suppression of menstruation. (In other words, amenorrhea.)
➋ For delayed menstruation at puberty (associated with the anemia called chlorosis or “green sickness”).
➌ For profuse menstruation (called menorrhagia).
➍ For painful menstruation (called dysmenorrhea).
➎ For leucorrhea (whitish viscous discharge from the vagina resulting from inflammation or congestion of the mucous membrane).

Question 45

Dong quai

Answer 45

a major Chinese herb

This herb is often considered ‘female ginseng’ as it builds up the female organs and regulates hormones