Reproductive system Flashcards
what is the sequence of sperm travel from production to ejaculation (7 tubes/ducts from testes to ejaculation)
- Seminiferous tubules
- rete testes (network),
- efferent ducts
- epididymis
- vas deferens
- ejaculatory duct (in prostate) 7. urethra
what is the role of testosterone at puberty
1.stimulate anabolism ( MSK & protein growth),
2. hair growth patterns 3.lowering of voice
4. development of libido
What are the 3 accessory male reproductive glands
Prostate,
Seminal vesicles
Bulbourethral (Cowpers) gland
list the cells in the sequence of spermatogenesis
spermatogonia (2n)
primary spermatocyte (2n)
secondary spermatocyte (n)
spermatid (n)
spermatozoa (n)
What are the main parts of a spermatozoa
HEAD acrosome (cap filled with enzymes) & nucleus.
TAIL middle piece (mitochondria), principal piece & end piece
What is in semen
SPERM
SEMINAL FLUID (secretions of seminiferous tubules, seminal vesicles, prostate and cowpers glands)
what is the role of the parasympathetic neurones in the penile erection
stimulation causes the release of nitric oxide which dilates blood vessels (causing erection)
What is the role of sympathetic stimulation in the penile response
ejaculation
What is the action of FSH on the testes?
stimulates spermatogenic cells to produce sperm
What is the action of LH on the testes
LH stimulates interstitial (Leydig cells) to secrete testosterone.
Which 2 hormones stimulate sperm production
FSH and testosterone
What are the 3 areas of the uterus called
fundus, body and cervix
What is the name of the tubes that carry eggs to the uterus
Fallopian tubes
Which part of the fallopian tube is the site of fertilisation
ampulla
What stage of oogenesis happens before birth
oogonium (2n) divide by mitosis to become primary oocytes (2n)
What stage of oogenesis happens just after puberty to make secondary oocyte
primary oocytes complete meiosis I to make secondary oocyte(n) and first polar body (n)
what are the stages of maturation of the primordial follicle
Primordial follicle
Antral/secondary follicle
Graafian follicle
What happens to the Graafian follicle at fertilisation
It becomes the corpus luteum
What hormones are produced by the corpus luteum
Progesterone and oestrogen (until the placenta takes over)
What is the role of the secondary oocyte
This is the egg that gets fertilised to form the ovum
When does meiosis II occur
after fertilisation: the oocyte splits into an ovum and second polar body
What does the Graafian follicle become if there is no ovulation
Corpus albican
Which 4 hormones directly regulate the female reproductive system
Follicle-stimulating hormone, Luteinising hormone, Oestrogen, Progesterone
Where are FSH and LH produced
Anterior pituitary
What hormone stimulates FSH and LH release
GnRH (Gonadotrophin releasing hormone) from hypothalamus
Whats is the role of FSH on the ovary
stimulates growing follicles
What is the action of LH on the ovary
stimulates ovulation and the corpus luteum
At what life stage does follicle maturation begin
puberty
what type of cell division creates the half-chromosome set (n) of the egg and sperm
meiosis
what is the function of inhibin
Inhibits FSH
Inhibits spermatogenesis
which cells produce inhibin
sertoli cells of testes
granulosa cells of ovary
What body cavity tissue is the perimetrium part of
peritoneum
Name the four stages of the menstrual cycle and the cycle days when each occurs
Menstrual -day1-5
Proliferative day 6-14
(Ovulation day 14)
Luteal/ Secretory day 15-28
name the stage of the female cycle, when progesterone is lowest and the stage when is it highest
menstrual- lowest
luteal highest
Name the stage of the female cycle stage when oestrogen is lowest and the stage when it is highest
ovulation -highest (also high at end of luteal phase)
menstrual day 1- lowest
Which 3 hormones are highest at ovulation
oestrogen
FSH
LH
Which hormone triggers ovulation
LH
