REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
Androgens, estrogens, and progesterone
Sex hormones
Primary Sex Organs (gonads)
Testes and Ovaries
Functions of the male reproductive system
Production of sperm cells
Sustaining and transfer of the sperm cells to the female
Production of male sex hormones
primary female reproductive organs
Ovaries
Produces sperm and lies within the scrotum
Testes
Functions of the female reproductive system
Production of female sex cells (ova)
Reception of sperm cells from the male
Nurturing the development of and providing nourishment for the new individual
Production of female sex hormones
What includes the male reproductive system?
Testes
Ducts
Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Urethra
What is the accessory glands of the male reproductive system?
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral Glands
A sac containing the testes
Scrotum
What is the two sets of muscles that kept the intrascrotal temperature?
Dartos and Cremaster
A smooth muscle that wrinkles the scrotal skin
Dartos
Bands of skeletal muscle that elevate the testes
Cremaster
Also known as “sperm factories”
Seminiferous tubules
extends from the urinary bladder through the prostate gland to the membranous urethra
prostatic urethra
extends through the pelvic floor and becomes the spongy urethra, which continues through the penis
membranous urethra
Surrounds the urethra and expands to form the glands and bulb of the penis
corpus spongiosum
Lie on the posterior wall of the bladder.
Sperm and seminal fluid mix in the ejaculatory duct and enter the prostatic urethra during ejaculation
Seminal Vesicles
Doughnut-shaped gland that encircles part of the urethra inferior to the bladder
Empties into the prostatic urethra
Prostate Gland
Milky white, sticky mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions
Semen
Pea-sized glands inferior to the prostate
Bulbourethral glands
Paired organs on each side of the uterus held in place by several ligaments
Ovaries
how many primary oocytes at birth?
2 million
Where does the secondary oocytes arrest
metaphase II and is ovulated
release of a secondary oocyte from an ovary
Ovulation
Connects the uterus (cervix) to the vestibule
Vagina
The hymen covers the vaginal orifice
Vagina
folds that cover the vestibule and form the prepuce
labia minora
produce a mucous fluid
vestibular glands
the region between the vagina and the anus
Perineum
Modified sweat glands located in the breasts
Mammary glands
What stimulates LH and FSH release from the anterior pituitary
GnRH
Before puberty how many amount does Testosterone inhibit GnRH
Small amounts of testosterone
When does testosterone does not completely suppress GnRH release
During puberty
What phase does the uterus sheds all but the deepest part of the endometrium
Menstrual phase (day 1-5)
What phase does the endometrium prepares for implantation of the embryo
Secretory phase (day 14-28)
What phase does the endometrium rebuilds itself
proliferation phase (day 6-14)
the time between the beginning and the end of the menstruation (days 1-5)
Menstrual Phase
the discharge of blood and part of the endometrium from the uterus
Menstruation
Why does menstruation happens?
because of a decrease in progesterone and estrogen from the previous cycle
is the time between the end of menstruation and ovulation (days 6-14)
proliferation phase
is the time between ovulation and the beginning of menstruation (days 14-28)
secretory phase
What happens if fertilization does not occur?
menses begins and the corpus luteum becomes the corpus albicans
What happens if fertilization occurs?
hCG stimulates the corpus luteum to persist
A diagnosis of inferility would result when the sperm has…
A count of 15 million per ml semen
