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Reproductive System > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is sexual and asexual repoduction?

A

Asexual reproduction involves one parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent. S exual reproduction involves two parents and produces offspring that are genetically unique.

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2
Q

How do we tell the difference between a male and a female?

A

Chromosomes, Reproductive organs, secondary sexual characteristics

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3
Q

Which male organ produces gametes + what are these gamestes

A

Testes, Sperm Cells

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4
Q

Name all secondary male characteristics

A

Penis, urethra, Epidydimis, testicle, prostate, seminal vesicle, colon, bladder, vas deferens

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5
Q

Name all teritary sexual characteristics (male)

A

facial hair, wide shoulders, narrow hips, low voice tone, body hair, pubic hair

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6
Q

What are quatemary male characteristics?

A

phychological differences

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7
Q

What are the functions of the male reproductive system?

A

Production of sperm cells in the testes, maturation and storage of sperm cells in the epididymis, transport of sperm cells (ejaculation) in the vas deferens, production of nourishing fluid in the prostate+seminal vesicle

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8
Q

Name all parts of testicle

A

Vas deferens, Tail of epididymis, body of epididymis, head of epidymis, seminiferous tubules, tunica albuginea

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9
Q

Name all parts of a sperm cell

A

Acrosome, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Tail

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10
Q

Why do sperm cells need many mitochondria?

A

Sperm cells need many mitochondria to provide the energy required for swimming to the egg.

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11
Q

What is the role of testastorone?

A

Testosterone develops male characteristics, maintains muscle and bone health, supports sexual function, and influences mood and energy levels.

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12
Q

Explain an erection

A

Engorged corpora become rigid with trapped blood

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13
Q

Where do sperm cells mature?

A

In the epididymis

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14
Q

What is the role of prostate and seminal vessicle?

A

produces a fluid that nourishes and protects sperm

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15
Q

What is the role of scrotum?

A

The scrotum regulates the temperature of the testes for sperm production.

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16
Q

Which organ in a female produces gametes + what are these gametes

A

ovaries, ovum(egg cells)

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17
Q

Name all sexual organs (female)

A

fimbriae, vagina, ovary, endometrium cervix, fallopian tubes, uterus, fundus of uterus

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18
Q

Name teritary female sexual characteristics

A

high pitch voice, narrow shoulders, developed mammary glands (breasts), less muscle than a man, wide hips, pubic hair

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19
Q

What happens once the ovum matures?

A

is released each menstrual cycle, ovulation

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20
Q

What happens if sperm cells are present in a fallopian tube?

A

a fertilisation may occur

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21
Q

Result of fertilization

A

zygote (fertilised egg) develops into an embryo

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22
Q

What happens if fertilisation doesnt occur?

A

ovum will be removed during menstruation

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23
Q

What happens if fertilization does occur?

A

an embryo gets implanted into uterus and pregnancy starts

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24
Q

Name parts of ovum

A

corona radiata, nucleus, cytoplasm, cortical granule, zona pellucida

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25
Q

Explain monthly changes in menstrual cycle

A

Day 1-7: menstruation, Day 7-14: Lining of uterus builds up, Day 14-21: Uterus lining, Day 21-28: Lining maintained, process repeats lining breaks menstruation starts

26
Q

The lining of the womb is called:

A

endometrium

27
Q

What is menstrual cycle regulated by?

A

endocrine system, nervous system

28
Q

What is HRT?

A

Hormone replace therapy

29
Q

What is PMS?

A

Premenstrual syndrome

30
Q

How can you take care of reproductive system?

A

Washing intimate parts, dont use sponges, seperate towel for intimate parts, avoid hot baths, pat intimate parts dry after washing, change underwear daily

31
Q

How can you prevent serious diseases?

A

Leading healthy lifestyle, seeing doctor if suspicious, seeing gynecologist, health checks

32
Q

What can breast cancer look and feel like?

A

hard lump, skin sores, new fluid, red or hot, nipple crust, dimple, growing vein, sunken nipple, new shape/size

33
Q

What is cervical cancer? + symptoms

A

cancer in the cervix, bleeding between periods or after sex, pain during sex, longer or heavier periods, unusual discharge, bleeding after menopause

34
Q

What is HPV (how can it cause cancer)?

A

Human papillomavirus, human gets infected and it can damage dna which leads to cell division

35
Q

How can you prevent cervical cancer?

A

vaccinate, pap smear, hpv test

36
Q

What is ovarian cancer? (how can you prevent it)

A

Cancer in the ovaries, healthy lifestyle, regular gynecologist appointments

37
Q

What does testicular/young man cancer look like

A

cancer in the testicle, firm, hard, scrotal mass

38
Q

What are the symptoms of testicular cancer?

A

Could be painful or tender, backache, couching or breathlessness, enlarged or tender nipples

39
Q

How can you prevent testicular cancer?

A

regular self checks, healthy diet, healthy lifestyle, avoidance of injuries

40
Q

Explain what an enlarged prostate is (what does it look like)?

A

Enlarged prostate, compressed urethra

41
Q

What is an STD? (explain what it does to the body)

A

Sexually transmitted diseases, sore, body rash, affects internal organs

42
Q

What is gonorrhea (+signs and symptoms)

A

sexually transmitted infection, pelvic pain, bleeding between periods, spotting after intercourse, men: weird discharge, conjuctivitus, swollen glands in throat

43
Q

What are chlamydia symptoms

A

female: bleeding between periods male: testicullar swelling, both: discharge, painful urination

44
Q

What is trichomoniasis + symptoms

A

Trichomoniasis is an STI caused by a parasite spread through sexual contact. + toilet seat

woman- itching vagina, frothy colored discharge, negative outcome of pregnancy

men- discharge, pain when urinating

45
Q

Explain what a yeast infection is

A

A yeast infection is a fungal overgrowth

46
Q

What is ontogenis (stages)

A

Development from fertilisation to death.

                       Ontogenis
       
       Prenatal                            Postnatal Embryonic       Fetal
47
Q

explain how fertilization works

A

Fertilization happens when a sperm cell meets an egg cell, merging their genetic material to create a new cell called a zygote. This usually occurs in the fallopian tube. The zygote then moves to the uterus and implants into its lining to begin growing into an embryo.

48
Q

Where does fertilisation take place?

A

in a fallopian tube (oviduct)

49
Q

How long does it take for an embryo to form

A

3 weeks

50
Q

When does the heart start beating

A

3 weeks

51
Q

Name extra embryonic tissues

A

-chorion
-yolk sac
-allantois
-amnion

52
Q

What is chlorian and Amnion?

A

-sack holding baby
-fluid in sack

53
Q

What is a placenta?

A

a fetomaternal organ made of mums uterus and fetal chorion

54
Q

Name functions of placenta

A

-exchange of substances between mum and baby
-excretion of hormones
-protection
-respiration

55
Q

What is the umbilical cord?

A

The umbilical cord connects the fetus to the placenta, supplying nutrients and oxygen while removing waste.

56
Q

Fraternal Twins

A

two separate placentas

57
Q

Identical Twins

A

shared or seperate placenta

58
Q

What changes occur during pregnancy?

A

-uterus is getting enlarged
-maternal body mass increases
-breasts get bigger
-kidneys get bigger
-hormonal changes occur
-heart beats faster

59
Q

Whats a USG?

A

Ultrasound Scan

60
Q

What is labour (full term)

A

delivery of a baby, 40 weeks

61
Q

vaginal birth

A

normal delivery

62
Q

cesarean section (c section)

A

major operation

Reproductive System (1 decks)

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