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Bio 3201 Unit 1B > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

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1
Q

Secondary sex characteristics

A

Physical features that develop during puberty that are not directly involved in reproduction

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2
Q

Primary sex characteristics

A

Physical features that are directly involved in reproduction

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3
Q

Epididymis

A

Duct where sperm mature and become motile, located near each testicle

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4
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

Tube in testes where sperm are produced

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5
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Gland that secretes mucus containing fructose, an energy source for sperm. Located behind the prostate gland

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6
Q

Prostate gland

A

Gland that secretes alkaline fluid into the urethra. Provides an environment best suited for sperm

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7
Q

Cowper’s gland

A

Gland that secretes clear mucus fluid that aids in lubrication and neutralizes acidity in the urethra. Located below the prostate

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8
Q

Ductus deferens (vas deferens)

A

Storage duct leading to the penis. Runs from the epididymis into a cavity behind the bladder

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9
Q

Urethra

A

Tube through which urine and semen exit the body

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10
Q

Testis

A

Male reproductive organ that produces sperm

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11
Q

Interstitial cells

A

Cells in the testes that produce sperm

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12
Q

Sertoli cells

A

Cells around which spermatids develop in the testes

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13
Q

Ovary

A

One of a pair of female reproductive organs

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14
Q

Oviduct

A

Cilia-lined tube that leads from ovary to uterus for transport of ova

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15
Q

Fimbriae

A

Projections that sweep ova from the ovary to the oviduct

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16
Q

Cervix

A

Opening of the uterus towards the vagina

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17
Q

Vagina

A

Tube that leads from the exterior to the uterus

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18
Q

Endometrial lining

A

Inner lining of the uterus. Changes throughout the uterine cycle, sheds during menstruation

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19
Q

Testosterone

A

Hormone that develops reproductive tract. Production inhibits the release of LH

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20
Q

FSH

A

Hormone that stimulates development of sex organs and gamete production

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21
Q

LH

A

Hormone that stimulates production of testosterone and triggers ovulation

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22
Q

Inhibin

A

Hormone that inhibits the production of FSH

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23
Q

Estrogen

A

Hormone that develops reproductive tract and secondary sex characteristics

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24
Q

Progesterone

A

Hormone that causes uterine thickening

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25
Q

Oxytocin

A

Hormone that causes cervix to open during birth

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26
Q

Prolactin

A

Hormone produced from infant suckling, leads to milk production

27
Q

Fallopian Tube

A

Where fertilization occurs

28
Q

Uterus

A

Where development occurs

29
Q

Follicular stage

A

Stage of the menstrual cycle where FSH increases, stimulating one follicle to mature

30
Q

Ovulation

A

End of the follicular stage, halfway through the cycle (day 14)

31
Q

Luteal stage

A

Stage of the menstrual cycle where the follicle develops into the corpus luteum, secreting progesterone and some estrogen

32
Q

Endometrium

A

During the uterine cycle, it is shed during the first ~5 days. Estrogen levels cause thickening. After ovulation, progesterone causes faster thickening

33
Q

hCG

A

Hormone released during implantation, remains high for two months if pregnancy occurs

34
Q

AI

A

Artificial insemination: sperm collected before being placed in a woman’s uterus

35
Q

IVF

A

In vitro fertilization: eggs harvested, fertilized in lab glassware, developing embryo implanted

36
Q

IVM

A

In vitro maturation: eggs harvested and matured in lab glassware, then fertilized and implanted

37
Q

Superovulation

A

Hormone treatment to produce multiple eggs

38
Q

Cryopreservation

A

Freezing eggs, sperm, or embryos for later use

39
Q

Natural methods

A

Methods of contraception that involve abstinence, withdrawal, or fertility awareness

40
Q

Physical or chemical barriers

A

Methods of contraception that involve condoms, sponge, cervical cap, diaphragm, copper IUD, or jellies

41
Q

Hormonal contraception

A

Methods of contraception that involve the pill, patch, vaginal ring, hormonal IUD, injectable, or plan-B

42
Q

Surgical sterilization

A

Methods of contraception that involve tubal ligation (female) or vasectomy (male)

43
Q

Stem cells

A

Cells that can develop into many types of cells, valuable for research into diseases and conditions

44
Q

Multipotent

A

Stem cells that can turn into a few types of cells, come from adult bone marrow

45
Q

Female infertility

A

Infertility caused by blocked oviducts, failure to ovulate, endometriosis, or damaged eggs

46
Q

GIFT

A

Gamete intrafallopian transfer: eggs and sperm are placed in the oviducts to allow natural fertilization

47
Q

Surrogates

A

Eggs and sperm are implanted in a contracted woman to carry the pregnancy

48
Q

Cleavage

A

Process of cell division without growth

49
Q

Differentiation/specialization

A

Process where cells specialize to perform specific functions

50
Q

Chorion

A

Outermost membrane that encloses all other membranes and the embryo

51
Q

Amnion

A

Transparent sac that grows to enclose the embryo, filled with amniotic fluid

52
Q

Allantois

A

Foundation for umbilical cord, helps the embryo exchange gases and waste

53
Q

Labour

A

Stages of childbirth where the uterus experiences contractions

54
Q

Fraternal twins

A

Twins that result from two separate eggs being fertilized

55
Q

Identical twins

A

Twins that result from one egg being fertilized and then separated

56
Q

Home pregnancy test

A

Test that indicates pregnancy by the second week

57
Q

Ultrasound

A

Diagnostic technique that provides physical information and internal structures for developing fetus

58
Q

Fetoscopy

A

Surgical access to fetus through incision, done during fetal growth

59
Q

Amniocentesis

A

Diagnostic technique where amniotic fluid is withdrawn after the 14th week for genetic testing

60
Q

Chorionic Villi Sampling

A

Diagnostic technique where fetal cells are removed after the 9th week for genetic testing

61
Q

Maternal Blood Tests

A

Blood sampling for health and family history, can be done any time

62
Q

Cell-free DNA Prenatal Screening

A

Sample of cells in the mother’s blood originally from the fetus, used for genetic testing

63
Q

Male infertility

A

Infertility caused by obstruction, low sperm count, non-viable sperm, or erectile dysfunction

64
Q

Pluripotent

A

Cells that are capable of developing into most, but not all, of the body’s cell types

Bio 3201 Unit 1B (1 decks)

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