Reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

Spermatic cord

A
  • Contains blood vessels, nerves, ductus deferent
  • Blood vessels: Testicular artery, testicular vein
  • Ductus deferens: transports sperm to ejaculatory duct
  • Nerves= testicular nerve
    Superior portion of ductus deferens
  • Runs through inguinal canal
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2
Q

Inguinal canal

A

Deep inguinal ring: entrance to the inguinal canal. They descend to the deep ring by the 3rd month of development
Superficial inguinal ring= exit from the inguinal canal. Provides exit for testis to scrotum
The testes complete their descent into the scrotum through the inguinal canal in the 7th to 9th testes month

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3
Q

Scrotum

A
  • Temperature regulator
  • A scrotal septum divides the scrotum into 2 compartments
  • Wall of scrotum: External (skin); smooth muscle
  • Involuntary contraction of dartos muscle cause wrinkles on the scrotal surface to prevent heat loss
  • Cremaster muscle: elevation of testes in cold environments
  • The dartos muscles contracts the shin of the testes; the cremaster muscle controls the distance of the testes from the body
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4
Q

Testes

A
  • The testes produce sperm and testosterone
  • The testes are suspended in the scrotum by the spermatic cord
  • Each testis is covered by a visceral layer of tunica vaginalis testis and tunica albuginea
  • The testes have 2 main cell types: Sertoli cells produce sperm and Leydig cells produce testosterone
  • Epididymis: stores matures and stores sperm for ejaculation
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5
Q

Visceral and parietal layers of Tunica Vaginalis testis

A

Tunica vaginalis
- A serous membrane derived from the peritoneum of the ab cavity
- It has an outer parietal layer and an inner visceral layer separated by serous fluid
Tunica albuginea
- A thick fibrous capsule that covers the testis
- Lies immediately deep to the visceral layer of tunica vaginalis
- It projects internally into the testis forming a septa, which divides the internal space into lobules

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6
Q

Testes - A tubular system

A

Seminiferous Tubules
- Hundreds of highly coiled tubes packed into tunica albuginea
- Site of spermatogenesis
Straight tubules
- Collect sperm from seminiferous tubules
Rate testis
- Collect sperm from straight tubules
Efferent ducts
- Carry sperm to epididymis
Epididymis
- Coiled tube along side of testis
- Sperm storage and maturation

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7
Q

Ductus deferens and Ejaculatory ducts

A
  • Muscular tube that transports the sperm from epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
  • Its wall contains an inner Mosa, a middle muscularis and an outer adventitia
  • Muscular contains smooth muscle
    Ejaculatory ducts
  • Each of the 2 ejaculatory ducts is formed by the merge of the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicles
  • Both ejaculatory ducts pass through the prostate gland and empty into the urethra
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8
Q

Accessory glands

A
  • The seminal vesicle, prostate gland and bulbourethral glands are accessory glands that secrete seminal fluid
  • Seminal fluid is alkaline and mixes with sperms transported up the ductus deferens to form semen
    Seminal vesicle
  • Paired, posterior surface of the bladder
  • Secretes a viscous fluid of fructose prostaglandin
  • Sugars nourish sperm
  • Prostaglandin dilate the cervix
    Bulbourethral glands
  • Paired, inferior to prostrate
  • Secrete a viscous mucus that protects the urethra and serves as a lubricant during sexual intercourse
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9
Q

Postrate gland

A
  • Encircles the prostatic urethra
  • Consists of 20-30 compound tubuloalveolar glands
  • The prostate secretes a slightly alkaline (pH 7.3) semen fluid which neutralizes the acidity of the vagina
  • The prostate secretes a milky appearing fluid that 25-30% of the volume of the semen
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10
Q

The penis

A

External: Body, glans penis- distal expanded end, prepuce
- foreskin
Internal= 3 spongy erectile bodies which contain large amounts of vascular space
One corpus spongiosum:
- Surrounds surface of the flaccid penis, expanded distal end is known as the glans penis
2 corpora cavernosa:
- Paired masses, anterior surface of flaccid penis, make up most of the penis

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11
Q

Female reproduction system

A

Functions
- Produce gametes (oocytes)
- Protects and supports the developing embryo
- Facilitates birth
- Nourishes the newborn infant
Organs
- Primary - ovaries
- Accessory - uterine tubes, uterus and vagina

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12
Q

Male urethra

A
  • Carries sperm from ejaculatory ducts to ‘‘outside’’
  • 3 or 4 parts of male urethra
    1. Prostatic urethra
    2. Membrane or intermediate
    3. Spongy urethra
  • 2 urethral spinsters
    In males internal urethral sphincter stop semen from back flowing into bladder and prevents the simultaneous passage of sperm and urine through the male urethra
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13
Q

Ovary

A
  • Pained oval-organs; site of oocyte development
  • Do not anchor to the fallopian tubes directly
  • The only intraperitoneal organ
  • Anchored to body wall via broad ligament
  • Anchored to the outer layer of the uterus via the ovarian ligaments
  • Suspensory ligament attaches to the lateral edge of each ovary and projects superolateral to the pelvic wall
  • Mesovarium: The part of the broad ligament covering the ovary at the hilum
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14
Q

Pouches the parietal peritoneum and perineum

A

2 pouches
- Vesico-uterine pouch: Between uterus and bladder
- Recto- uterine pouch: Between uterus and rectum
Perineum
- Diamond shape extending from the pubis anteriorly to the coccyx posteriorly
Urogenital
- Females: Clitoris and urethral and vaginal orifices
- Males: The base of penis and the scrotum
- House the muscle that surrounds external genitalia
Anal triangle
- The location of the anus in both sexes
- Surrounding the anus is the external and sphincter

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15
Q

Ovary- Microscopic Anatomy

A
  • The outermost layer is called the ovarian epithelium
  • The connective tissue below the ovarian epithelium is called tunica albuginea
  • The ovarian cortex consists of ovarian follicles whereas the medulla consists blood vessels and nerves
  • Release of the ovum is called ovulation
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16
Q

Uterine tubes

A
  • Paired, retroperitoneal, 10-14 cm
  • Suspended by mesosalpinx
  • Fertilization occurs here
  • Unfertilized oocytes degenerate
    Parts of the uterine tube
  • Fimbriae- fringe of tissue
  • Infundibulum- distal end lateral margin of uterine tube, bears the fimbriale
  • Ampulla- middle third of uterine tube, usual site of fertilization
  • Isthmus- medial third of uterine tube
17
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

Mucosa
- Formed from a ciliated columnar epithelium and areolar connective tissue
- It folds to reduce the size of the uterine tube lumen
Muscularis
- Composed an of inner circular layer and an outer longitude layer of smooth muscle cells
- Peristaltic contractions propel the secondary oocyte through the uterine tube towards the uterus
Serosa
- The external membrane covering the uterine tube

18
Q

Uterus

A
  • Pear-shaped organ
  • Posterior to the bladder
  • Acceptance of the fertilized ovum from the fallopian tubes
  • It derives nourishment from blood vessels
  • Embryo attaches to the wall of the uterus, creating a placenta and develops into a fetid
    Parts of the uterus
  • Fundus: rounded superior portion
  • Body
  • Cervix- neck of uterus; projects into the vagina
19
Q

Uterine wall has 3 layers

A

Perimetrium
- Serous layer- is the peritoneum
- Continuous with broad ligament
Myometrium
- Interlacing bundles of smooth muscle
- Contracts during childbirth
Endometrium
- Mucosal lining of uterine cavity
- Shed during menstruation
Embryo burrows into endometrium
Endometrium has 2 layers
- Functional layer
- Basal layer (not shed)
Uterus is held in place by:
- Mesometrium: Anchors uterus to lateral pelvic wall
- Cardinal ligaments: Horizontal from cervix and vagina
- Round ligament- Bind uterus to the anterior pelvic wall

20
Q

Vagina

A
  • Elastic, muscular tube lined by stratified squamous epithelium
  • Lies between urinary bladder and rectum
  • Opens into vestibule
  • Projection of cervix into vagina creates an anterior and posterior fornix
    Functions
  • Passage for the elimination of menstrual fluids
  • Receives the penis during intercourse
  • Holds sperm before passing them onto uterus
  • In childbirth forms the lower portion of the birth canal through which the fetid passes during delivery
    Consists of 3 coats
  • Adventitia- fibrous connective tissue
  • Muscularis - smooth muscle
  • Mucosa- marked by transverse folds
    Consists of lamina propria and stratified squamous epithelium