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anaphy > REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

germ cells used in sexual reproduction to produce offspring

A

gametes

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2
Q

an event after the male gamete (sperm cell) unites

with the female gamete (secondary oocyte), the resulting cell contains one set of chromosomes from each parent.

A

fertilization

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3
Q

the specialized branch of medicine concerned with the

diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the female reproductive system.

A

gynecology

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4
Q

branch of medicine that deals with male disorders, especially infertility and sexual dysfunction

A

andrology

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5
Q

supporting structure for the testes, consists of loose skin and underlying subcutaneous layer that hangs from the root of the penis.

A

scrotum

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6
Q

median ridge that separate a single pouch of skin (scrotum) into lateral portions

A

raphe

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7
Q

internally divides the scrotum into two sacs, each containing a single testis.

A

scrotal septum

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8
Q

scrotal septum divisions

A

dartos muscle

cremaster muscle

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9
Q

paired oval glands in the scrotum.

A

testes

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10
Q

serous membrane derived from the peritoneum and forms during the descent of the testes, partially covers the testes.

A

tunica vaginalis

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11
Q

Internal to the tunica vaginalis is a

white fibrous capsule

A

tunica albuginea

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12
Q

a series of internal compartments

A

lobules

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13
Q

contains one to three tightly coiled tubules, where sperm are produced.

A

seminiferous tubules

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14
Q

the process by

which the seminiferous tubules of the testes produce sperm

A

spermatogenesis

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15
Q

two types of cells of seminiferous tubules

A

spermatogenic cells

Sertoli cells or sustentacular cells

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16
Q

the sperm-forming cells

A

spermatogenic cells

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17
Q

clusters of cells in the spaces between adjacent seminiferous tubules, these cells secrete testosterone, the most prevalent androgen.

A

Leydig (interstitial) cells

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18
Q

a hormone that promotes the

development of masculine characteristics.

A

androgen

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19
Q

a hormone that promotes a

man’s libido (sexual drive).

A

Testosterone

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20
Q

a series of very short ducts where pressure generated by the fluid secreted by Sertoli cells pushes sperm and fluid along the lumen of seminiferous tubules lead to

A

straight tubules

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21
Q

a network of ducts in the testis where straight tubules lead to

A

rete testis

22
Q

From the rete testis, sperm move into a

series of coiled efferent ducts in the epididymis that empty into a single tube called

A

ductus epididymis

23
Q

comma-shaped organ that lies along the posterior border of each testis.

A

epididymis

24
Q

larger, superior portion of the epididymis where efferent ducts from the testis join the ductus epididymis

A

head

25
Q

the narrow midportion of

the epididymis

A

body

26
Q

the smaller, inferior portion of epididymis

A

tail

27
Q

the site of sperm maturation, the process by which

sperm acquire motility and the ability to fertilize an ovum. This occurs over a period of about 14 days.

A

epididymis

28
Q

helps propel sperm into the ductus (vas) deferens during sexual arousal by peristaltic contraction of its smooth muscle. stores sperm, which remain viable here for up to several months. Any
stored sperm that are not ejaculated by that time are eventually reabsorbed.

A

epididymis

29
Q

Within the tail of the epididymis, less convoluted,
and its diameter increases; conveys sperm during sexual arousal from the epididymis toward the urethra by peristaltic contractions of its muscular coat.

A

ductus deferens or vas deferens

30
Q

dilated terminal portion of the ductus deferens

A

ampulla

31
Q

A supporting structure of the male reproductive system that ascends out of the scrotum

A

Spermatic Cord

32
Q

an oblique passageway in the anterior abdominal wall just superior and parallel to the medial half of the inguinal ligament.

A

inguinal canal

33
Q

Formed by the union of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla of the
ductus (vas) deferens; They terminate in
the prostatic urethra, where they eject sperm and seminal vesicle secretions just before the release of semen from the urethra to the exterior.

A

Ejaculatory Ducts

34
Q

shared terminal duct of the reproductive and urinary

systems; it serves as a passageway for both semen and urine for males

A

urethra

35
Q

three parts of male urethra

A

Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Spongy (penile) urethra

36
Q

parts of male urethra that passes through the prostate.

A

Prostatic urethra

37
Q

parts of male urethra that passes through the deep muscles of the perineum

A

Membranous urethra

38
Q

parts of male urethra that passes through the corpus spongiosum of the penis, ends at the external
urethral orifice.

A

Spongy (penile) urethra

39
Q 
convoluted pouchlike structures, lying posterior to the base of the urinary bladder and anterior to the
rectum; secrete an alkaline, viscous fluid that
contains fructose (a monosaccharide sugar), prostaglandins, and clotting proteins that are different from those in blood.
A

paired seminal vesicles or seminal glands

40
Q

helps to neutralize the acidic

environment of the male urethra and female reproductive tract that otherwise would inactivate and kill sperm.

A

alkaline

41
Q

contribute to sperm motility and viability and may stimulate smooth muscle contractions within the female reproductive tract.

A

prostaglandis

42
Q

a single, doughnut-shaped gland about the size of a golf ball. It is inferior to the urinary bladder and surrounds the prostatic urethra; Secretes a milky, slightly acidic fluid that contains several substances:

A

prostate

43
Q

help semen coagulate after ejaculation.

A

clotting proteins

44
Q

used for ATP production by sperm.

A

fructose

45
Q

substance in prostatic fluid used by sperm for ATP production.

A

citric acid

46
Q

a substance secreted by prostate with unknown function

A

acid phosphatase

47
Q

a substance in prostatic fluid is an antibiotic that can destroy bacteria, help decrease the number of naturally occurring bacteria in semen and in the lower female reproductive tract.

A

Seminalplasmin

48
Q

about the size of peas, glands secrete an alkaline fluid into the urethra that protects the passing sperm by neutralizing acids from urine in the
urethra, also secrete mucus that lubricates the end of the penis and the lining of the urethra, decreasing the number of sperm damaged during ejaculation.

A

bulbourethral glands, or Cowper’s glands

49
Q

a mixture of sperm and seminal fluid, a liquid that consists of the secretions of the seminiferous tubules, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands.

A

semen

50
Q

volume of semen in a typical ejaculation

A

2.5–5 milliliter (mL), with 50–150

million sperm per mL.

51
Q

provides sperm with a transportation medium, nutrients, and protection from the hostile acidic environment of the male’s urethra and the
female’s vagina.

A

seminal fluid

52
Q

contains the urethra and is
a passageway for the ejaculation of
semen and the excretion of urine; cylindrical in shape and consists of a body, glans penis, and a root.

A

penis

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