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Systems 3 Reproduction > Reproductive Physiology > Flashcards

Reproductive Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Name the female reproductive hormones.

A
  • gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)
  • follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • leutenising hormone (LH)
  • oestrogen
  • progesterone
  • testosterone
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2
Q

Where is GnRH released from and where does it act?

A
  • released from hypothalamus

- acts on anterior pituitary

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3
Q

Which hormones are produced from the anterior pituitary for reproduction?

A
  • FSH

- LH

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4
Q

True or False.

Oestrogen and progesterone exert positive feedback on the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus.

A

False

- they exert negative feedback

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5
Q

Which hormone exerts positive feedback during days 12-14 of a 28 day menstrual cycle?

A
  • oestrogen
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6
Q

Name the two phases of the ovarian cycle.

A
  • follicular

- luteal

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7
Q

What happens during the follicular phase of ovulation?

A
  • FSH and LH initiate the growth of new follicles
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8
Q

Which hormone dominates the follicular phase of ovulation and why?

A
  • oestrogen

- it is released by the developing follicle

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9
Q

What happens during the luteal phase of ovulation?

A
  • maturation of the corpus luteum
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10
Q

Which hormone dominates the luteal phase of ovulation and why?

A
  • progesterone

- it is released from the corpus luteum

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11
Q

If fertilisation does not occur what happens to the corpus luteum?

A
  • it degenerates to the corpus albicans and stops secreting progesterone
  • this allows a new cycle to take place
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12
Q

Name the four phases of menstruation.

A
  • menstrual
  • proliferative
  • secretory
  • pre-menstrual
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13
Q

Describe the menstrual phase of menstruation.

A
  • the uterine lining is shed due to no pregnancy taking place
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14
Q

Describe the proliferative phase of menstruation.

A
  • oestrogen produced from the developing follicle causes the lining of the uterus to become dense and richly vascular
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15
Q

Describe the secretory phase of menstruation.

A
  • progesterone secreted by the corpus luteum stimulates further build up of cells in endometrium
  • and also release of secretions from the uterine glands to maintain the thickening
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16
Q

Describe the pre-menstrual phase of menstruation.

A
  • when fertilisation has not taken place and hormone levels decrease
17
Q

What is an oogonium?

A
  • stem cells in the ovaries
18
Q

How many primary oocytes in one group can grow to complete the first meiotic division?

A
  • one
19
Q

When does the second meiotic division in females complete?

A
  • only when the secondary oocyte is fertilised
20
Q

Name the male reproductive hormones.

A
  • gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)
  • follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • lutenising hormone (LH)
  • testosterone
21
Q

Where are sperm produced?

A
  • spermatogonia within seminiferous tubules within the testis
22
Q

Name the two types of cells within the seminiferous tubules.

A
  • sertoli cell

- spermatogonia

23
Q

List the functions of the sertoli cells.

A
  • provide nutrients
  • phagocytose excess spermatid cytoplasm
  • form blood-testis barrier
24
Q

Which hormone controls the spermatogonia?

A
  • FSH
25
Q

Which cells produce testosterone?

A
  • Leydig cells
26
Q

Which hormone controls the leydig cells?

A
  • LH
27
Q

Where do the secretions that combine with sperm to form semen come from?

A
  • seminal vesicles
  • prostate gland
  • bulbourethral gland
28
Q

Why is it important to have blood-testis barrier?

A
  • as sperm are haploid, there is a risk of an immune response as they won’t be recognised by lymphocytes
29
Q

Why is the storage function of the epididymis important?

A
  • sperm require an adequate amount of storage time within the epididymis to become motile
30
Q

What is the ideal temperature for spermatogenesis?

A
  • 32 degrees Celsius
31
Q

Apart from location, how does the body maintain the temperature of the testis?

A
  • counter-current heat exchange, where arterial blood is cooled by venous blood

Systems 3 Reproduction (5 decks)

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