Reproductive Pharms Flashcards
GnRH/FSH/LH analogues
- Uses
o Treatment of fertility disorders
o Increased reprodictive success - A single high dose of GnRH will stimulate FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary
- Slow continuous release of GnRH causes down-regulation of receptors on the anterior pituitary and inhibition of FSH and LH release
GnRH analogues
- Buserelin
- Gonadorelin
o Anoestrus
o Ovarian dysfunction
o Cystic ovarian disease
o Oestrus synchronization
o Improved conception
Deslorelin
- Chemical castration: suppress reproductive axis in male dogs and ferrets, lionesses, kangaroos (extra-label in wildlife)
Synthetic GnRH analogues (Improvac)
o Suppresses boar taint
o Male antelope contraceptive
Chrono-gest)
- Used in ovines/caprines
- Females: induction of ovulation
Testosterone
- Androgenic (male characteristics) and anabolic (protein building)
- Testosterone is essential for development of the male reproductive tract, muscle and bone and RBC formation
- Lipid soluble, high first-pass effect
- Not really effective for increasing libido – tends to cause infertility!
- No vet products in SA for small animals and horses (Synovex contains testosterone for heifers)
- Testosterone Uses
o In female dogs: treating androgen sensitive carcinomas (mammary)
o In male dogs: urinary incontinence, rare forms of symmetrical alopecia, mammary tumours
o In cattle; for oestrus detectors and growth promotion
o Anabolic effect in chronic debilitating conditions
o Improvement of renal function in chronic interstitial nephritis
- Testosterone Side Effects
o Infertility
o Perianal adenomas
o Prostatic disorders
Anabolic Steroids
- Derivatives of testosterone
- Androgenic hormonal activity has been reduced relative to the tissue building activity
- Anabolic actions include
> Protein anabolism, increased muscle mass, Ca and P retention
> Increase erythrocyte development in bone marrow - No veterinary products currently available in SA for small animals and horses
- Nandrolone, Boldenone available overseas
- For cattle there is trenbolone acetate
- Anabolic steroids Clinical uses:
o Growth promoting in feedlot cattle
- Promotes growth, feed efficacy, lean carcass formation
o For geriatrics; recovery of chronic debilitating conditions
o Improvement of post-surgical wound healing
o Counter catabolic action of glucocorticoids
o Improve renal function in chronic interstitial nephritis
o Counter effects of hypoplastic anemia
o Treatment of androgen sensitive carcinomas
- Anabolic Steroids Side effects
o Heptatotoxicity in humans o Masculinization of females o Electrolyte and water retention o Infertility/impotence o Teratogenicity o Premature closure of growth plates o Prostatic hypertrophy Don’t use if there is pre-existing prostate pathology
- Oestrogens Sources
o Natural oestrogen
In most species; estradiol-17B, estrone and estriol
Estradiol-17B secreted by the ovary; converted into estrone and estriol during liver metabolism
The adrenal cortex and corpus luteum produce some oestrogen
In late pregnancy large quantities of oestrogen are produced by the placenta
o Plant oestrogens e.g. subterranean clover (Trifolium spp)
o Synthetic oestrogen
- Oestrogens Disposition
o Well absorbed from mucous membranes, GIT and injection sites
o Natural oestrogen has a high first-pass effect
o Very high plasma binding (natural oestrogens; sex-hormone binding globulin)
o Widely distributed, including the CNS
o Metabolized in the liver
- Oestrogens Clinical Uses
o Treatment of urinary incontinence; oestriol
- Indicated for spayed bitches > 1 year of age
- Improves functioning of urethral sphincter
o Growth stimulant in feedlot animals (anabolic effects)
o Treatment of perianal adenomata, prostatic hypertrophy (including some prostatic tumours), testicular tumours and some mammary tumours
o Treat endometritis; endothelium-protective
o For misalliance; oestrogen prevents implantation and prolongs oestrus
o Treatment of pseudopregnancy (cabergoline or spaying give better and safer results)
- Oestrogens Side effects
o Bone marrow dyscrasia; lethal if overdosed in dogs o Fatty changes in the liver (dogs) o Iatrogenic pyometra secondary to Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia (CEH) o Mammary neoplasia o Prolonged oestrus o Vaginal prolapse in ewes o Follicular cysts o Decreased milk release