Reproductive medicine Flashcards
Learn and revise reproductive medicine
Ovulation marks the beginning of which phase of the menstrual cycle?
The luteal phase.
Which phase of the menstrual cycle varies between women?
The follicular phase. The luteal phase is relatively constant, lasting around 12 days.
The presence of which hormone is used as a test for pregnancy?
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG).
Which cells of the testis have no counterpart in the ovary? They migrate from the mesonephros, contribute to the structure of the testicular cords and aid in spermatic movement?
The peritubular myoid cells.
True or false: the following is the definition of pre-eclampsia (pre-eclamptic toxaemia).
1) Reduced maternal BP
2) Proteinurea (0.5g/day)
3) Oedema
False on two accounts.
Firstly, maternal BP is RAISED - >140/90
Secondly, oedema is no longer part of the definition.
What is the only way of resolving pre-eclampsia?
Removal of the placenta
What is HELLP?
HELLP syndrome is characterised by Haemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelets.
What causes pre-eclampsia?
Lack of remodelling of the spiral arteries.
True or false: the embryo is at most risk to teratogens during the first two weeks after fertilisation.
False. There is no susceptibility to teratogens during the first two weeks.
Which structures are formed from the mesoderm?
Bones, Muscles, Kidneys, Heart and Blood.
Gastrulation results in production of an embryo consisting of how many layers?
3, the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm.
Failure of neural fold closure at the cranial end leads to a child who has:
a) DiGeorge syndrome
b) Anencephaly
c) Spina bifida
d) Williams syndrome
e) Neurofibromatosis
b) Anencephaly if the neural folds don’t close at the top.
If the question asked about failure to close further down the spine, the answer would be c) Spina bifida.
Retinoic acid is one of the signals which controls activation of the Hox genes. From which vitamin is it derived?
Vitamin A
True or false: the Hox genes are responsible for development of the A-P axis.
True.
What are the five stages of lung development?
Embryonic Pseudoglandular Canalicular Saccular Alveolar
(Even practitioners can’t spell ‘Aubergine’)
