- African American younger than 65 - Family His - Genetics - Obesity - Caffeine, smoking - Over 80% of men are older than 80 - Western Diet High fat, low fiber

Reproductive / Males Disorders Flashcards by Madeline Mars

Dysmenorrhea

Painful menstruation
Cause: Increased prostaglandins, PID, endonetriosis, tumors, fibroids

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Amenorrhea

Absence of menstruation
Cause: Genetic, breastfeeding, menopause

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Dyspareunia

Painful intercourse

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Endometriosis

Implantation of benign lesions with endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity

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PCOS

Ovarian cysts caused by hormonal imbalance
Risk: Obesity, family
Comp: Infertility, diabetes
Findings: Obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, irregular menses, * hirsutism, infertility

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Ovarian Cancer

Leading cause of gynecologic death
Second most common gynecologic cancer
Tumors grow rapidly, often bilateral
Spread is through direct extension

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Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors / Sym

Older, obesity, nulliparity, estrogen
Sym: Bloating, feeling full, pelvic pain
- Abdominal and GI symptoms

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Ovarian Cancer Assessment

CA-125
Chest X Ray: Pleural Effusion
*Left pleural effusion is a sign of ovarian cancer

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Ovarian Cancer Treatment

Surgery –> Chemo
Avoid tampons, douches, intercourse for 6 weeks after surgery.

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Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer

Sexual contact at young age, multiple sex partners, history of STI’s, smoking
HPV vaccine IS available

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Colposcopy / Cervical Biopsy Teachings

Can cause mild discomfort
Avoid using tampons 2 weeks after
No heavy bleeding
Rest 1 day after procedure

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BHP Risk

African American younger than 65
Family His
Genetics
Obesity
Caffeine, smoking
Over 80% of men are older than 80
Western Diet High fat, low fiber

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I-PSS Score

Mild: Under 7
Mod: 8-19
Severe: 20-35
- Elimination patterns, weak stream, urinary retention

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Lab Assessment

Urinalysis, CBC, Biopsy
- Gonna be swollen

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Planning and Implementation

Limit caffeine, alc, avoid anticholinergics, antihistamines
Frequent sexual intercourse = releasing prostate fluids

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Surgery for BHP

TURP

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BHP after surgery care

Stop anticoagulants
Indwelling cath post op

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Prostate Cancer

Testosterone is produced by the testis and circulates in blood
DHT is a testosterone derivative in prostate
Most are adenocarcinomas
Slow growing : lymph nodes, bones, nodes

Prostate Cancer

Most common diagnosed non skin cancer in men in U.S
African, older, family his, men above 65

Prostate Cancer S/S

Can be asymptomatic
Frequent urination
Weak urine flow
Blood in semen ***
Frequency

Prostate Cancer Assessment

PSA
Active surveillance
Prostatectomy ( Full removal )
Need foley after, urge incontinence, E.D

Varicocele

Enlargement of veins in scrotum

Hydrocele

Fluid filled sac surronding testes

Spermatocele

Epididymis cyst usually painless

Epididymyitis

Inflammation of epididymis - Pain / swelling - Anitbiotics, ice

Orchitis

Inflammation of one or both of testes - Swelling, pain, fever - Anitbiotics, rest, ice

Testicular Torsion

Spermatic cord twists within testicle

Testicular Cancer

Painless lump -Tight underwear needed

Erection occurs

Erection occurs when the parasympathetic nervous system causes the release of nitric oxide, which in turn activates an enzyme that makes cGMP. Causing smooth muscles to relax increasing blood volume , when the penis is engorged with blood, venous return is reduced. This ends when phosphodiesterase convert to type 5 cGMP into another substance

E.D

Most common male sexual disorder

Hypospadias ( below ) and Epispadias ( above )

Abnormal position of the urethral meatus - Surgery

Phimosis

Irretractable foreskin of the penis - No treatment

Paraphimosis

Swollen and painful glans penis in a client who is circumcised - Medical Emergency

Priapism

Prolonged erection - Medical emergency

Peyronie Disease

Painful bent or curved penis - May resolve on own - Oral / injected meds - Surgery last resort

STI

Readily cured

STD

Cannot be readily cured

5 P's

- Practices ( Sexual Contact ) - Protection - Past history - Pregnancy intention - Partners - Primary Prevention ( Vaccines )

Bacterial Vaginosis

- Common cause of vaginal dischage - Fishy smell : Metronidazole

Candidiasis

- Candida albicans - Meds: Oral contraceptives, antibiotics - White clumpy cottage cheese : Treat with OTC antifungals

HSV

No cure - Acyclovir ( helps )

hPV Preventions

Most prevalent of all STI's ( genital warts ) Vaccination 9-26 yrs of age

Syphilis

Incubation period of 3 weeks and can range from 10-90 days - Spirochetes penetrate CNS leading to inflammatory response - Result in death without treatment