Reproductive Issues

Question 1

absence of menses by age 14 w/o secondary sexual development or absence of menses by age 16 w/ normal development

Answer 1

primary amenorrhea

Question 2

causes of primary amenorrhea (8)

Answer 2

• extreme weight loss
• stress
• eating disorders
• cushing’s disease
• congenital gynecologic abnormalities
• polycystic ovarian syndrome
• hypothyroidism
• ovarian/adrenal tumors

Question 3

absence of menses for 3 months after regular menstruation

Answer 3

secondary amenorrhea

Question 4

causes of secondary amenorrhea (10)

Answer 4

• pregnancy
• breastfeeding
• emotional stress
• pituitary/ovarian/adrenal tumors
• depression
• malnutrition
• hyper or hypothyroidism
• vigorous exercise
• early menopause
• high prolactin levels

Question 5

treatment options for amenorrhea (6)

Answer 5

• cyclic progesterone
• thyroid hormone replacements
• bromocriptine if elevated prolactin
• oral contraceptives
• nutrition counseling
• lifestyle changes

Question 6

what is dysmenorrhea

Answer 6

painful menstruation

Question 7

is dysmenorrhea a common occurrence

Answer 7

yes, it is most common gynecological complaint for women

Question 8

increased prostaglandin production by the endometrium results in

Answer 8

primary dysmenorrhea

Question 9

when is the peak during menses for primary dysmenorrhea

Answer 9

day 1 and 2 of menses

Question 10

causes contractions of the uterus resulting in painful periods

Answer 10

increased prostaglandin production by the endometrium

Question 11

form of dysmenorrhea that is a result of pelvic and uterine pathology

Answer 11

secondary dysmenorrhea

Question 12

endometriosis, fibroid tumors, pelvic inflammatory disease, IUDs and cervical stenosis can all result in what occurrence

Answer 12

secondary dysmenorrhea

Question 13

what is the most common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea

Answer 13

endometriosis

Question 14

at what age is endometriosis most common

Answer 14

30s and 40s

Question 15

ectopic implantation of endometrial tissue in other parts of pelvis is

Answer 15

endometriosis

Question 16

pain beyond menstruation, dyspareunia and infertility are all symptoms that can be associated with what

Answer 16

endometriosis

Question 17

what is the most common GYN disease

Answer 17

endometriosis

Question 18

where is the endometrial tissue most often attached in endometriosis

Answer 18

ovaries, fallopian tubes, bowel or pelvic wall

Question 19

chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, autoimmune and endocrine disorders can often accompany what disease

Answer 19

endometriosis

Question 20

in endometriosis does the affected tissue respond to hormones during menstrual cycle just like endometrial tissue

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

infertility (blocked tubes), pelvic pain before and during menses, dyspareunia, painful urination, heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic adhesions, irregular, more frequent menses, premenstrual vaginal spotting are all clinical manifestations of what disease

Answer 21

endometriosis