Reproductive hormones Flashcards
Peptide hormones:
1. Synthesis
2. Storage
3. Release from parent cell
4. Transport in blood
5. Half-life
6. Receptor location
7. Response to receptor ligand binding
8. General target response
9. Examples
- Made in advance
- Stored in secretory vesicles
- Exocytosis
- Dissolved in plasma
- Short
- Cell membrane (ex. GPCR)
- Activation of second messenger systems (may active genes)
- Modification of existing proteins and induction of new protein synthesis
- Insulin, parathyroid hormone, LH, FSH, GnRH
Steroid Hormones:
- Synthesis
- Storage
- Release from parent cell
- Transport in blood
- Half-life
- Receptor location
- Response to receptor ligand binding
- General target response
- Examples
- Synthesized on demand from precursors
- Not stored
- Simple diffusion
- Bound to carrier proteins
- Long
- In cytoplasm or nucleus (some may have membrane receptors)
- Activation of genes for transcription and translation (may have non genomic actions)
- Induction of new protein synthesis
- Aldosterone, estrogen, testosterone, progestin
Thyroid hormones synthesis and storage
Synthesized on demand from stored precursors
Trophic Hormone
1. Location
2. Primary target
3. Main effects
- Hypothalamus
- Anterior pituitary
- Release or inhibit pituitary hormones
Oxytocin
1. Location
2. Primary target
3. Main effects
- Posterior pituitary
- Breast and uterus
- Milk ejection, labour and delivery, behaviour
Vasopressin (ADH)
1. Location
2. Primary target
3. Main effects
- Posterior pituitary
- Kidney
- Water reabsorption
Prolactin
1. Location
2. Primary target
3. Main effects
- Anterior pituitary
- Breast
- Milk production
Growth Hormone (somatotropin)
1. Location
2. Primary target
3. Main effects
- Anterior pituitary
- Liver, many tissues
- Growth factor secretion, growth and metabolism
Corticotropin (ACTH)
1. Location
2. Primary target
3. Main effects
- Anterior pituitary
- Adrenal cortex
- Cortisol release
Thyrotropin (TSH)
1. Location
2. Primary target
3. Main effects
- Anterior pituitary
- Thyroid gland
- Thyroid hormone synthesis
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
1. Location
2. Primary target
3. Main effects
- Anterior pituitary
- Gonads
- Egg or sperm production: sex hormone production
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
1. Location
2. Primary target
3. Main effects
- Anterior pituitary
- Gonads
- Sex hormone production: egg or sperm production
Androgens
1. Location
2. Primary target
3. Main effects
- Testes (male)
- Many tissues
- Sperm production, secondary sex characteristics
Inhibin (males)
1. Location
2. Primary target
3. Main effects
- Testes (male)
- Anterior pituitary
- Inhibits FSH secretion
Estrogen/Progesterone
1. Location
2. Primary target
3. Main effects
- Ovaries (female)
- Many tissues
- Egg production, secondary sex characteristics
Inhibin (females)
1. Location
2. Primary target
3. Main effects
- Ovaries
- Anterior pituitary
- Inhibits FSH secretion
Relaxin
1. Location
2. Primary target
3. Main effects
- Ovaries
- Uterine muscle
- Relaxes muscle
(Hormone during pregnancy)
Estrogen/Progesterone during pregnancy
1. Location
2. Primary target
3. Main effects
- Placenta
- Many tissues
- Fetal, maternal development
Chorionic somatomammotropin during pregnancy
1. Location
2. Primary target
3. Main effects
- Placenta
- Many tissues
- Metabolism
Chorionic gonadotropin during pregnancy
1. Location
2. Primary target
3. Main effects
- Placenta
- Corpus luteum
- Hormone secretion
What kind of hormones control the secretion of other hormones
Release hormones
What are tropic hormones and where are they found
Tropic hormones target another endocrine gland/cell to control hormone release
Found in hypothalamus (neurohormones) and anterior pituitary (hormones)
Dopamine pathway
Dopamine-> prolactin-> target= breast
Thyroid releasing hormone pathway
TRH-> Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)-> thyroid gland release thyroid hormones-> target=many tissues
Corticotropin releasing hormone pathway
CRH-> (ACTH) adrenocorticotropic hormone-> adrenal cortex releases cortisol-> target= many tissues
Growth hormone releasing hormone pathway
GHRH-> GH-> liver releases insulin like growth factors (IGFs)-> target= many tissues
Gonadotropin releasing hormone pathway
GnRH-> FSH or LH -> endocrine cells of the gonads-> androgens (male) or estrogen/progesterone (female) -> germ cells of gonads (male) and many tissues (both)
How can GnRH target FSH and LH
GnRH secretion is pulsatile
What do LH and FSH stand for
Luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
What kind of hormone is progesterone
20C steroid hormone
What kind of hormone is testosterone
19C steroid hormone
Where receptors to progesterone and testosterone bind to
Progesterone receptor and androgen receptor
Estradiol 17 Beta type of hormone and receptor
19C steroid hormone
Estrogen receptor
Where are steroid receptors found and what is their action (general)
Intracellular and act by regulating gene expression