Reproductive CME - Sheet1 Flashcards
What is the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea?
Pregnancy
What are the two most common causes of secondary amenorrhea in patients with normal estrogen?
Asherman syndrome and polycystic ovarian syndrome
What is another name for gonadal dysgenesis?
Turnerís syndrome
What lab test is diagnostic for menopause?
FSH > 30mIU/mL
What is the most common presentation of a leiomyomata (uterine fibroid)?
Vaginal bleeding
What is recommended in most cases of a leiomyomata?
Observation
What is the most common gynecological cancer?
Endometrial cancer (adenocarcinoma)
What is the cardinal symptom of endometrial cancer?
Vaginal bleeding
What patient population is most common in endometriosis?
Nulliparous 30 years old
What are the most common ovarian growths?
Cysts
What is the most common cause of androgen excess and hirsutism?
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Bilateral enlarged cystic ovaries, amenorrhea and infertility are the key features of this disease?
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
How will the ultrasound appear in a patient with Polycystic ovarian syndrome?
Sting of pearls or oyster ovaries
How is infertility of polycystic ovarian syndrome treated?
Clomiphene
When is Cervical itraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) most common to occur?
Women in their 20s
When has the CDC recommend patients receive the HPV vaccine?
Boys and girls age 11-12. Three injections over 5 months.
What kind of cancer are women exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) at increased risk for?
Clear cell adenocarcinoma
What bug most commonly causes mastitis?
S. Aureus
What is the antibiotic of choice for mastitis?
Penicillinase resistance antibiotics (dicloxacillin)
What is the most frequent benign condition of the breast?
Fibrocystic Breast Disease
What benign breast lesion is more common in black woman?
Fibroadenoma
What is the most common cancer in woman and what kind is the most common?
Breast, Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
What ductal carcinoma presents with eczematous lesions of the nipple?
Paget disease
What is the best screen test for breast neoplasms?
Mammography
What is the most effective form of contraception?
Oral contraception
What is the black box warning for IM depo injections?
Osteoporosis ñ thus only to be used for 2 years
What is the most common cause of infertility?
Ovulatory disorders
What is the physical exam finding of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
Chandelier sign
Where should the uterus be at 20 weeks of gestation?
Umbilicus
When should we hear fetal heart tones (FHT)?
10 weeks
What is bluish discoloration of the vagina and cervix called that is seen in pregnancy?
Chadwick sign
Where are most ectopic pregnancies located?
Fallopian tube
What is the most common cause of ectopic pregnancy?
Adhesions
What is the classic triad of ectopic pregnancy?
Unilateral ABD pain, amenorrhea and tenderness/mass on exam
What hCG level should show evidence of an IUP?
1,500 mU/mL
What patients should receive RhoGam with an abortion?
Rh-negative woman
How does a hydatiform mole present on ultrasound?
ìgrapelike vesiclesî or a ìsnow storm patternî
What is the most common cause of non-congenital malformation deaths in a neonate?
Preterm delivery
What is a major risk factor of premature rupture of membranes?
Infection
What test can confirm rupture or membranes and spilling of amniotic fluid?
Nitrazine paper and the fern test
What is administered to enhance fetal lung maturity if under 34 weeks gestation?
Betamethasone
What is the classic triad of preeclampsia?
HTN, edema and proteinuria
What is HELLP syndrome?
Hemolysis, elevated liver function and low platelets
What is the most common risk factor for pre-eclampsia?
Nulliparity
What is the first line medication to decrease the risk of seizure in mild pre- eclampsia?
magnesium sulfate (MGSO4)
What BP medication should be given to decrease the BP in a pregnant woman?
Hydralazine or labetalol
What is administered to Rh-negative Moms at 28 weeks?
Rho-Gam
What is the test to measure fetomaternal hemorrhage?
Kleihauer-Betke (KB) stain
What is the condition that develops if Rh-incompatibility leads to severe fetal anemia and death?
Fetal hydrops
What is the most common cause of third trimester bleeding and when does it occur?
Abruptio placenta, after 20 weeks
What is the major symptom in abruptio placenta?
Painful vaginal bleeding
What is contraindicated in a patient with placenta previa?
Digital exam
What is the key differentiating feature of placenta previa from abruption?
Previa is painless
At what time interval is the APGAR assessed?
1 and 5 minutes
What medication decreases blood loss by stimulating contractions?
Oxytocin
What is the leading indication for cesarean section?
Dystonia
When is endometritis most common?
After C-section or PROM for more than 24 hours before delivery
What is the first line treatment for endometritis?
Clindamycin + gentamycin
